Rumination and Cortisol Responses to Laboratory Stressors

Zoccola, Peggy M.; Dickerson, Sally S.; Zaldivar, Frank

doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31817bbc77

Cited by 141 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As a result, rumination is likely to occur. Consistent with this premise, recent work has demonstrated that laboratory stressors characterized by SET elicit more rumination than those without an evaluative component [17,18]. Therefore, stressful circumstances that disrupt central goals (e.g., SET) may be particularly likely to lead to rumination, and thus prolong the stress response.…”

Section: Rumination: Definition and Elicitorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Distinguishing between trait and state measures is important because trait questionnaires have had limited success in predicting individual differences in stressor-specific rumination following challenging laboratory tasks [17,[26][27][28]. The lack of an association between trait and state rumination could arise because certain situations may overwhelm established coping strategies [29].…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: A review

Zoccola

Dickerson

2012

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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139

100

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Section: Rumination: Definition and Elicitorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: A review

Zoccola

Dickerson

2012

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Self Cite

139

100

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“…For example, naturalistic or laboratory-induced rumination and worry over nontraumatic stressors (public speaking, interpersonal transgressions, etc.) have been linked to cortisol release (e.g., ByrdCraven, Geary, Rose, & Ponzi, 2008;Kuehner, Huffziger, & Liebsch, 2009;McCullough, Orsulak, Brandon, & Akers, 2007;Zoccola, Dickerson, & Zaldivar, 2008). This type of psychological stress, if prolonged, may mediate adverse effects on physical health and aging (Brosschot, 2010;Brosschot, Pieper, & Thayer, 2005;McEwen, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported mindfulness and cortisol during a Shamatha meditation retreat.

et al. 2013

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Objective: Cognitive perseverations that include worry and rumination over past or future events may prolong cortisol release, which in turn may contribute to predisease pathways and adversely affect physical health. Meditation training may increase self-reported mindfulness, which has been linked to reductions in cognitive perseverations. However, there are no reports that directly link self-reported mindfulness and resting cortisol output. Here, the authors investigate this link. Methods: In an observational study, we measured self-reported mindfulness and p.m. cortisol near the beginning and end of a 3-month meditation retreat (N = 57). Results: Mindfulness increased from pre- to post-retreat, F(1, 56) = 36.20, p < .001. Cortisol did not significantly change. However, mindfulness was inversely related to p.m. cortisol at pre-retreat, r(53) = −.31, p < .05, and post-retreat, r(53) = −.30, p < .05, controlling for age and body mass index. Pre to postchange in mindfulness was associated with pre to postchange in p.m. cortisol, β = −.37, t(49) = 2.30, p < .05: Larger increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in p.m. cortisol, whereas smaller increases (or slight decreases) in mindfulness were associated with an increase in p.m. cortisol. Conclusions: These data suggest a relation between self-reported mindfulness and resting output of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Future work should aim to replicate this finding in a larger cohort and determine stronger inference about causality by using experimental designs that include control-group conditions.

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“…Next, the experimenters informed participants that they had to set up the next phase of the study in another room and asked them to sit quietly until they returned in 5 min. This provided participants with an opportunity to ruminate over their speech performance (for a similar approach to assessing rumination, see Gerin, Davidson, Christenfeld, Goyal, & Schwartz, 2006;Zoccola, Dickerson, & Zaldivar, 2008). At the end of this 5-min period, postevent processing was assessed in two ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.

Kross¹,

Bruehlman-Senecal²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

241

233

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Does the language people use to refer to the self during introspection influence how they think, feel, and behave under social stress? If so, do these effects extend to socially anxious people who are particularly vulnerable to such stress? Seven studies explored these questions (total N ϭ 585). Studies 1a and 1b were proof-of-principle studies. They demonstrated that using non-first-person pronouns and one's own name (rather than first-person pronouns) during introspection enhances self-distancing. Studies 2 and 3 examined the implications of these different types of self-talk for regulating stress surrounding making good first impressions (Study 2) and public speaking (Study 3). Compared with the first-person group, the non-first-person group performed better according to objective raters in both studies. They also displayed less distress (Studies 2 and 3) and engaged in less maladaptive postevent processing (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 examined how these different forms of self-talk influence the way people appraise social-anxiety-provoking events. They demonstrated that non-first-person language use (compared with first-person language use) leads people to appraise future stressors in more challenging and less threatening terms. Finally, a meta-analysis (Study 6) indicated that none of these findings were moderated by trait social anxiety, highlighting their translational potential. Together, these findings demonstrate that small shifts in the language people use to refer to the self during introspection consequentially influence their ability to regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behavior under social stress, even for vulnerable individuals.Keywords: distancing, stress, social anxiety, rumination, self-regulation, emotion regulation During the summer of 2010, LeBron James, a future Hall-ofFame basketball player, faced a tough decision. Should he stay with the small market team that nurtured his career from its inception, or move to a larger city market? Shortly after making his choice (he joined the larger market team), he described his decision-making process in an interview noting, "One thing I didn't want to do was make an emotional decision. I wanted to do what's best for LeBron James and to do what makes LeBron James happy" (Greenberg, 2010).Notice how James begins by referring to himself using the pronoun I, but then quickly switches to using his own name after indicating that he does not want to make an emotional decision. Does this shift from I to James represent a mere quirk of speech? Or could it represent something more-a process, for example, that consequentially influences people's capacity to control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior? Here we suggest that it is the latter. Specifically, we hypothesize that using one's own name and other non-first-person pronouns to refer to the self during introspection is a form of self-distancing that enhances self-regulation. 1 Harnessing Language to Promote Self-RegulationSeveral lines of research motivate this prediction. First, converging evidence...

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Rumination and Cortisol Responses to Laboratory Stressors

Abstract: Results suggest that the nature of the relationship between cortisol activation and rumination may be contingent on how rumination is conceptualized and measured.

Cited by 141 publications

References 37 publications

Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: A review

Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: A review

Self-reported mindfulness and cortisol during a Shamatha meditation retreat.

Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.

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