RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Tiny but mighty: the role of the rumen microbes in livestock production

Cammack, K. M.; Austin, Kathy J.; Lamberson, W. R.; Conant, Gavin C.; Cunningham, Hannah

doi:10.1093/jas/sky331

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Rumen microbiota determines animal health and production performance, and a better understanding of this complex and diverse microbiota, especially the relationship between the structure and function under different dietary conditions can lead to innovative interventions to improve animal productivity [1]. Dietary changes can shift rumen microbiota with respect to its composition and structure and fermentation patterns [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on the microbiota occupying different ecological niches in the rumen of growing Hu lambs

Shen

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: Diet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota, and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches (REN). This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs. After a 9-week feeding trial, 6 lambs from each dietary treatment (SBM vs. DDGS-based diets) were slaughtered for sample collection. The microbiota of the rumen solid, liquid, and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, functional prediction, and qPCR. Results: No interaction of dietary protein source (PS) and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study. The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure. However, the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM-and DDGS-based diets. The populations of rumen total bacteria, fungi, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution, but the population of protozoa was reduced. The bacterial communities in rumen solid (RS) and liquid (RL) were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa. In contrast, the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium (RE) were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL. In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance, the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN. The populations of total bacteria, protozoa, and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL, and the fungal population on the rumen epithelium was smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL. On the contrary, the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on the microbiota occupying different ecological niches in the rumen of growing Hu lambs

Shen

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Symbiotic microbes can promote the juvenile growth of their host in nutrient-poor conditions by "enhancing" their nutrition: pea aphids' symbiotic bacteria supplement their host with EAA precursors (Akman Gündüz and Douglas, 2009;Russell et al, 2013); Drosophila's symbiotic bacteria provide B-vitamins and certain EAAs to developing larvae (Consuegra et al, 2020a;Sannino et al, 2018); the microbiota of termites (Brune and Dietrich, 2015), ruminants (Cammack et al, 2018) and rodents (Sakaguchi, 2003) degrades plant fibres otherwise indigestible by their host. Symbiotic microbes can also modify their host's nutrition indirectly: for instance, Lp stimulates the production of digestive enzymes including proteases by Drosophila's enterocytes, which allows the larva to retrieve additional AA from dietary polypeptides (Erkosar et al, 2015;Matos et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal GCN2 controls Drosophila systemic growth in response toLactiplantibacillus plantarumsymbiotic cues encoded by r/tRNA operons

Grenier

Consuegra

Ferrarini

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Symbiotic bacteria support host growth upon malnutrition. How bacteria achieve this remains partly elusive. Here, we took advantage of the mutualism between Drosophila and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp) to investigate such mechanisms. Using chemically-defined holidic diets, we found that association with Lp improves the growth of larvae fed amino acid-imbalanced diets. We show that in this context Lp supports its host’s growth through a molecular dialog that requires functional operons encoding ribosomal and transfer RNAs (r/tRNAs) in Lp and the GCN2 kinase in Drosophila’s enterocytes. Our data indicate that Lp’s r/tRNAs loci products activate GCN2 in a subset of larval enterocytes, a mechanism necessary for the host’s adaptation to amino acid imbalance that ultimately supports growth. Our findings unravel a novel beneficial molecular dialog between hosts and microbes, which relies on a non-canonical role of GCN2 as a mediator of non-nutritional symbiotic cues encoded by r/tRNA operons.

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“…Being the largest compartment of the stomach, the complexity of the microbial ecosystem allows rumen to utilize fibre rich diets in addition to complex carbohydrates [38], resulting in digestion of 60-70% of the ingested cellulose [1]. Bacteria are the most abundant prokaryotes which constitute more than 95% of the ruminal microbiota at a cellular density of 1010-1011 cells/g [2]. The most abundant phylum in the rumen is Bacteroidetes (with genus Prevotella comprising 45-57% of total 16S rRNA sequences and 90% of Bacteroidetes population), followed by 28% of phylum Firmicutes.…”

Section: Rumen Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In eukaryotic host environments, the importance of microbiome in maintenance of physiological functionality has been signified by many researchers as a neglected niche [1]. The potential influence of cattle microbiome over its growth and immune system has been thoroughly investigated [2]. The commensal microbiota confers its beneficial effects to animal health through various mechanisms such as aid in digestion of host-indigestible plant fibre [3], and providing host with nutrients and energy sources (volatile fatty acids) [4], building units (carbohydrates, peptides, lipids) [1,5], modulation of immune system via cytokines, antibodies and stimulation of immune cells [6], creating physical barrier between pathogens and immune cells, competing with the pathogens for adhesion niches and nutrients [50,51] and inhibiting the pathogenic growth by production of antimicrobial compounds, such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and biosurfactants [134] [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Cattle Microbiome and Dysbiosis in Diseased Phenotypes

Khalil¹,

Batool²,

Arif³

2021

Preprint

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: Cattle farming is an ancient practice, with roots in the early Neolithic era that has retained its status in the food industry today, with global beef market revenue amounting to $385.7B, as of 2018. Hence, cattle maintenance is naturally essential to cater to nutritional requirements of modern civilization. This extensive review aims to provide a holistic overview of cattle microbiome, analysing the native microbial composition within respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, and skin. The dysbiosis associated with various diseases such as bovine respiratory disease, bovine digital dermatitis, mastitis, Johne's disease, uterine diseases (metritis and endometritis) and metabolic disorders (ruminal acidosis and ketosis) has been discussed. Moreover, various non-antibiotic microbial therapies including phage therapy, prebiotics and probiotics have been examined as potential means to reduce disease-associated dysbiosis. In general, this review highlights the importance of the microbiome in maintenance of health in cattle and its potential in alleviating bovine diseases, with an aim to enhance cattle health and production.

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RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Tiny but mighty: the role of the rumen microbes in livestock production

Abstract: Erratum to: "RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: Tiny but mighty: the role of the rumen microbes in livestock production" by Kristi M. Cammack et al.

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on the microbiota occupying different ecological niches in the rumen of growing Hu lambs

Effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal with dried distillers grains with solubles on the microbiota occupying different ecological niches in the rumen of growing Hu lambs

Intestinal GCN2 controls Drosophila systemic growth in response toLactiplantibacillus plantarumsymbiotic cues encoded by r/tRNA operons

Healthy Cattle Microbiome and Dysbiosis in Diseased Phenotypes

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