Ruminal Changes after Overfeeding with Wheat and the Effect of Intraruminal Inoculation on Adaptation to a Ration Containing Wheat

Allison, Milton J.; Bucklin, J. A.; Dougherty, R. W.

doi:10.2527/jas1964.2341164x

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, rumen inoculation improves performance during transition from a forage ration to a high‐grain diet. If very large amounts of rumen contents are transferred from grain‐adapted animals to unadapted animals the transition to the high‐grain diet can be made quite quickly without the ensuing problems of ruminal acidosis [188]. Similarly, adaptation of calves to a roughage ration can be accelerated if normal adult microbiota is dosed into calves [189].…”

Section: Improvement Of Fiber Digestion By Rumen Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The degradation of plant cell walls by ruminants is of major economic importance in the developed as well as developing world. Rumen fermentation is unique in that efficient plant cell wall degradation relies on the cooperation between microorganisms that produce fibrolytic enzymes and the host animal that provides an anaerobic fermentation chamber. Increasing the efficiency with which the rumen microbiota degrades fiber has been the subject of extensive research for at least the last 100 years. Fiber digestion in the rumen is not optimal, as is supported by the fact that fiber recovered from feces is fermentable. This view is confirmed by the knowledge that mechanical and chemical pretreatments improve fiber degradation, as well as more recent research, which has demonstrated increased fiber digestion by rumen microorganisms when plant lignin composition is modified by genetic manipulation. Rumen microbiologists have sought to improve fiber digestion by genetic and ecological manipulation of rumen fermentation. This has been difficult and a number of constraints have limited progress, including: (a) a lack of reliable transformation systems for major fibrolytic rumen bacteria, (b) a poor understanding of ecological factors that govern persistence of fibrolytic bacteria and fungi in the rumen, (c) a poor understanding of which glycolyl hydrolases need to be manipulated, and (d) a lack of knowledge of the functional genomic framework within which fiber degradation operates. In this review the major fibrolytic organisms are briefly discussed. A more extensive discussion of the enzymes involved in fiber degradation is included. We also discuss the use of plant genetic manipulation, application of free-living lignolytic fungi and the use of exogenous enzymes. Lastly, we will discuss how newer technologies such as genomic and metagenomic approaches can be used to improve our knowledge of the functional genomic framework of plant cell wall degradation in the rumen.

show abstract

Section: Improvement Of Fiber Digestion By Rumen Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,4 Thus, it may be hypothesized that probiotics collected from the rumen may establish more easily into the microbial community than foreign species. Inoculation of rumen fluid from healthy animals to sick animals has often been conducted by producers and veterinarians to re-stablish the rumen balance (especially in animals that have been off feed) 5 and to prevent sickness associated with grain overfeeding; 6 however, there is no such commercial product available based on this concept. Several studies have used microbial factions harvested from the rumen content as probiotics to improve the health and growth of young ruminants before weaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assessment of the factors that determine the activity of the rumen microbiota for further applications as inoculum

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neither the lytic nor the nonlytic mycoplasma-like colonies were detected in cultures of cecal material from rabbits, hamsters, horses, pigs, and turkeys or of ruminal contents from (1) cow (1) cow (1) cow ( Samples were collected from four cows and three sheep a t various times over a period of 24 months. Cows 3 and 4 were from a herd at Iowa State University.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum gen.nov., sp.nov.: an Obligately Anaerobic Mycoplasma from the Rumen

Robinson

Allison

Hartman

1975

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obligately anaerobic, filterable microorganisms have been isolated from the rumens of cattle and sheep. On the basis of typical colonial appearance, lack of cell wall, filterability through a 450-nm membrane filter, absence of reversion to a bacterial form, and inhibition of growth by homologous antiserum, these organisms fit the description for organisms in the order Mycoplasmatales. They exhibit unique cultural, biochemical, and serological properties, and we have thus placed them in a new genus, Anaeroplasma. A . abactoclmticum is the type species of the new genus. Strain 6-1, a sterol-requiring strain, has been designated as the type strain of A . abactoclasticum and has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 27879; a non-sterol-requiring strain, number 161, has been deposited as ATCC 27880. The relationship of Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum to Acholesplusma bactoclmticum, an anaerobic mycoplasma possessing extracellular proteolytic and bactoclastic enzymes, is discussed.In 1966, Hungate (13) described an obligately anaerobic rumen microorganism that lysed bacterial cells. Subsequently, the organism was characterized by Robinson and Hungate (21) as a mycoplasma. The mycoplasma possessed lytic enzymes that caused the partial digestion of killed gram-negative bacteria or casein.Using methods similar to those of Robinson and Hungate ( Z l ) , we also isolated bacteriolytic mycoplasmas from the rumens of cattle and sheep. In addition, we discovered that anaerobic mycoplasmas not digesting bacterial cells were present at higher concentrations than the lytic agents.This paper describes the results of experiments conducted to characterize these new mycoplasmas and contains a proposal for plating them in a new genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Media.Primary isolation medium (PIM) was similar to medium 98-5 previously used to culture rumen bacteria (7), except that autoclaved Escherichia coli cells (0.596, wt/vol) and penicillin G (1,OOO U/ml) were added.Clarified rumen fluid broth (CRFB) medium was similar to the PIM, except that Trypticase (0.2%) and yeast extract (0.05%) were added and the percentages of glucose, cellobiose, and starch were increased (0.2% of each instead of 0.05%); agar, penicillin, and E. coli cells were deleted.Modified medium 10 (MM-10) was medium 10 of Caldwell and Bryant (lo), except that increased concentrations of glucose, cellobiose, and starch (0.2% and instead of 0.05%) were used and sodium sulfide and agar were deleted. Medium A was similar to MM-10, except that Trypticase was extracted five times by shaking a 2% (wt/vol) solution with 2 volumes of ethyl ether and yeast extract was replaced by a mixture of B vitamins (8).Medium B was similar to MM-10, except that 40% clarified rumen fluid was added and the only carbohydrates used were 6 mg of soluble starch and 2 mg of uniformly 14C-labeled starch (10.3 pCi/mg; Amersham/Searle, Inc., Arlington Heights, Ill.) per 10 ml of medium.Preparation of media and supplements. The anaerobic methods used were essentially those of H...

show abstract

Ruminal Changes after Overfeeding with Wheat and the Effect of Intraruminal Inoculation on Adaptation to a Ration Containing Wheat

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics

Opportunities to improve fiber degradation in the rumen: microbiology, ecology, and genomics

In vitro assessment of the factors that determine the activity of the rumen microbiota for further applications as inoculum

Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum gen.nov., sp.nov.: an Obligately Anaerobic Mycoplasma from the Rumen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About