Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status

Awawdeh, Mofleh S.

doi:10.1017/s0022029916000108

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Besides the RDP:RUP ratio, the dietary content of specific amino acids such as lysine (lys) and methionine (met) is considered essential as they limit milk protein synthesis and milk yield (NRC, 2001). In this field, Awawdeh (2016) showed how dairy cows supplemented with rumen-protected met and lys (30 g/d of met and 25 g/d of lys) increased milk yield (29.7 kg/d) and milk protein percentage (3.14%) compared to either cows only supplemented with 30 g/d of rumen-protected met (27.8 kg/d and 3.09%) or cows without supplementation (28.0 kg/d and 3.09%). According to these results, the dietary inclusion of essential amino acids such as met or lys influences not only milk yield, but also milk protein composition and could be used in future studies to increase casein, whey and bioactive peptides levels in milk.…”

Section: Strategies To Modify the Milk Protein Composition: Animal Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive peptides from milk: animal determinants and their implications in human health

Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez

Márquez-Hernández

Hernández-Castellano

2019

Journal of Dairy Research

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Milk is an important protein source in human diets, providing around 32 g protein/l (for bovine milk, which constitutes some 85% of global consumption). The most abundant milk proteins are α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, αs-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein. Besides their nutritional value, milk proteins play a crucial role in the processing properties of milk, such as solubility, water bonding, heat stability, renneting and foaming, among others. In addition, and most importantly for this review, these proteins are the main source of bioactive components in milk. Due to the wide range of proposed beneficial effects on human health, milk proteins are considered as potential ingredients for the production of health-promoting functional foods. However, most of the evidence for bioactive effects comes from in vitro studies, and there is a need for further research to fully evaluate the true potential of milk-derived bioactive factors. Animal genetics and animal nutrition play an important role in the relative proportions of milk proteins and could be used to manipulate the concentration of specific bioactive peptides in milk from ruminants. Unfortunately, only a few studies in the literature have focused on changes in milk bioactive peptides associated to animal genetics and animal nutrition. The knowledge described in the present review may set the basis for further research and for the development of new dairy products with healthy and beneficial properties for humans.

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Section: Strategies To Modify the Milk Protein Composition: Animal Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive peptides from milk: animal determinants and their implications in human health

Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez

Márquez-Hernández

Hernández-Castellano

2019

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…The response in the milk production of dairy cows to the supply of lysine and methionine is usually observed in the early lactation period rather than in the mid-lactation or late-lactation period [ 33 ]. Literature has shown that the increased supply of lysine and methionine to dairy cows, following the highest lactation period, induced a more sensitive response in milk yield than in milk protein content [ 34 – 36 ]. Nimrick et al [ 37 ] reported that, when urea was supplied as the only source of N, the experimental animals exhibited a deficiency in lysine, methionine, and threonine and that the infusion of lysine and methionine into the abomasum caused an improvement in the usability of protein in dairy cow, sheep, and deer [ 38 – 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplementing limiting amino acids on milk production in dairy cows consuming a corn grain and soybean meal-based diet

Park

Yeo²,

Bae

et al. 2020

J Anim Sci Technol

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Limiting amino acids (AAs) for milk production in dairy cows fed on a concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal was evaluated in this study. Four lactating and multiparous Holstein cows (in third or fourth parities, with an average body weight of 633 ± 49.2 kg), 8 to 9 weeks into their lactation period, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The experiment comprised four dietary treatments: (1) no intravenous infusion (control); (2) control plus intravenous infusion of an AA mixture of 6 g/d methionine, 19.1 g/d lysine, 13.8 g/d isoleucine, and 15.4 g/d valine (4AA); (3) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without methionine (no-Met); and (4) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without lysine (no-Lys). All animals were fed on a controlled diet (1 kg/d alfalfa hay, 10 kg/d silage, 14 kg/d concentrate mixture, ad libitum timothy hay). The AA composition of the diet and blood were determined using an automatic AA analyzer. Milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, urea nitrogen, and somatic cell counts) was determined using a MilkoScan. The results showed that feed intake for milk production did not differ from that of intravenous infusion using a limiting AA mixture. The 4AA treatment numerically had the highest milk yield (32.4 kg/d), although there was no difference when compared with the control (31.2 kg/d), no-Met (31.3 kg/d), and no-Lys (31.7 kg/d) treatments. The concentration of AAs in blood plasma of cows in all treatments, mainly isoleucine and valine, increased significantly compared with that of control. The no-Met treatment increased ( p < 0.05) the concentration of lysine in the blood relative to the control and no-Lys treatments, whereas the no-Lys treatment increased ( p < 0.05) the concentration of methionine relative to the control and no-Met treatments. In conclusion, milk production increased when feeding 10 g/d methionine to the cows, together with their concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal.

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“…In addition, Lys and Met are recognized as the limiting AAs for milk production directing the mRNA expression of the JaK-STAT and mTOR pathways and regulating both, the production of protein and the expression of AA transporters at the epithelial cells level of the mammary gland [29] [30]. In addition, it was reported that Lys and Met increase contents of some milk proteins [31] and the presence of Met and leucine in αS1-CN and leucine in β-CN respectively has been documented [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Protected Lysine and Methionine Modifies Milk Protein Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

Quintero¹,

Olivera-Angel²

2019

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The experiment was designed to determine the effect of protected lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) supply on milk protein profile in grazing dairy cows specifically in the caseins (CNs) and α-lactalbumin fractions. Twelve multiparous mid lactation Holstein cows producing 24 (±4.76) kg of milk were assigned to one of two treatments (six cows per treatment) during an experimental period of 21 days. In the control (C) group, cows grazed a Pennisetum clandestinum pasture and were supplemented with a commercial concentrate according to milk production. In the Met-Lys treatment, cows received the same ration supplemented with protected Lys and Met. Milk yield and composition and milk protein profile were measured at the start and the end (21 st day) of the experimental period. The Tricine-SDS-PAGE and the Gel-Quant Express Analysis (Invitrogen) software were used to determine milk protein composition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS's PROC MIXED procedure through a mixed model that included the animal as a random effect and the treatments as a fixed effect adjusted by covariables. Milk production averaged 23.7 (±2.0) kg cow −1 day −1 without differences between treatments (P < 0.96). Yield of fat corrected milk (4% FCM) tended (P < 0.10) to increase in the Met-Lys treatment (26.0 kg cow −1 day −1) compared to C (24.2 kg cow −1 day −1). Milk protein content (g/kg) did not differ (C = 30.4; Met-Lys = 31.1) and lactose content tended (P < 0.08) to be higher in the Met-Lys (47.4) group compared to C (45.9). Milk protein content (g/kg) of αS1-CN resulted higher (P < 0.046) in Met-Lys (10.58) compared to C (9.44). Concentration of β-CN also increased (P < 0.05) after protected aminoacid supply (C = 9.58; Met-Lys = 10.35). It can be concluded that milk protein composition was improved by protected Lys-Met supply without altering other compositional parameters of milk composition. Milk nutritional quality and its potential yield for cheese-making were positively enhanced.

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Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Bioactive peptides from milk: animal determinants and their implications in human health

Bioactive peptides from milk: animal determinants and their implications in human health

Effects of supplementing limiting amino acids on milk production in dairy cows consuming a corn grain and soybean meal-based diet

Feeding Protected Lysine and Methionine Modifies Milk Protein Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows

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