Rumen Microbiology: An Overview

Choudhury, Prasanta Kumar; Salem, Abdelfattah Z.M.; Jena, Rajashree; Kumar, Sanjay; Singh, Rameshwar; Puniya, Anil Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_1

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Bacterial population in the rumen of domestic cattle occurs at a concentration of 10 10–11 cells/g of rumen content [34], while other authors reported a total count of 10 9 in red deer [35,36]. Our results show a concentration of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in a range of 10 5–6 cells/g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Influence of Farming Conditions on the Rumen of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Mason

Fotschki

Rosso

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe diet offered to an animal in captivity may considerably differ from the natural one; this can affect the development of the digestive system, with connected influence on the health condition and welfare of the animal. Through a comparison of morphological and environmental characteristics of the rumen of red deer, we found out that, during autumn season, farmed deer have a limited choice of diet compared to wild ones living in the forest; this condition affected the morphology of the rumen wall and the composition of the rumen microbial population in the farmed animals. We recommend increasing the diversity of food offered to animals in captivity, with the aim of minimizing the negative effects of a poor variety of the diet on the digestive system.AbstractThe red deer is an intermediate feeder, showing a marked degree of forage selectivity, with seasonal morphological adaptations due to changes in food quality and availability. In captivity, deer have a limited choice of habitat and food, and we hypothesize that this condition affects the rumen environment. Rumen samples were collected from 20 farmed and 11 wild red deer in autumn 2018 in Poland, and analyzed for chemical composition, food residues, microbial population, and rumen papillation. Farmed deer had the highest Campylobacter spp., and total anaerobic bacteria, but lower Clostridium spp. Moreover, they showed a decrease in Diplodininae protozoa, and the presence of holotrichs that were absent in the wild animals. The rumen digesta of farmed animals had lower dry matter and acid detergent fiber than the wild ones. The analysis of food residues underlined the poor variety of the diet for animals in the farm. This apparently affected the papillation of the rumen, with animals of the farm having the shortest papillae of the Atrium ruminis. Overall, results suggest that red deer kept in farms, with a diet based mainly on grass, tree leaves, and some concentrate supplements, undergo a small modification of the rumen compared to the wild conspecifics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Influence of Farming Conditions on the Rumen of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Mason

Fotschki

Rosso

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Diets with high energy and protein levels in Group H effectively promoted the growth performance and carcass characteristics of goats [ 24 ]. Meanwhile, the digestion and absorption of these diets were closely related to the rumen bacteria [ 5 ]. A previous study reported that the changes in the ruminal microbiota could promote the ADG of goats [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rumen is a complex microbial ecosystem in ruminants. It can ferment feedstuffs to volatile fatty acids, microbial proteins, and vitamins, which play important roles in animal health and production [ 4 , 5 ]. Sometimes, it has to deal with lower quality fodder or silage [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Rumen Bacterial Community and Metabolome Characteristics of Cashmere Goats in Response to Dietary Nutrient Density

Wang

Peng

Xiao

et al. 2020

Animals

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This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dietary energy and protein on rumen bacterial composition and ruminal metabolites. A total of 12 ruminal samples were collected from Shaanbei white cashmere goats which were divided into two groups, including high-energy and high-protein (Group H; crude protein, CP: 9.37% in dry matter; metabolic energy, ME: 9.24 MJ/kg) and control (Group C; CP: 8.73%; ME: 8.60 MJ/kg) groups. Thereby, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify the rumen bacterial community. Metabolomics analysis was done to investigate the rumen metabolites and the related metabolic pathways in Groups C and H. The high-energy and high-protein diets increased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella_1 and Succiniclasticum, while decreasing the number of Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). The dominant differential metabolites were amino acids, peptides, and analogs. Tyrosine metabolism played an important role among the nine main metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that both Prevotella_1 (r = 0.608, p < 0.05) and Ruminococcus_2 (r = 0.613, p < 0.05) showed a positive correlation with catechol. Our findings revealed that the diets with high energy and protein levels in Group H significantly altered the composition of ruminal bacteria and metabolites, which can help to improve the dietary energy and protein use efficiency in goats.

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“…Rumen microbes are classified into 3 domains: bacteria, archaea (methanogens), and eucarya (protozoa and fungi). There are more than 200 species of rumen bacteria and their population range is 10 10 to 10 11 per g. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen are classified into 6 genera with the range population of 10 3 to 10 6 per g, rumen methanogen population is up to 10 9 per g, while bacteriophage and ciliate protozoa having population ranges of 10 7 to 10 9 per g and 10 4 to 10 6 per g, respectively ( Choudhury et al., 2015 , Kumar et al., 2009 , Wanapat, 2000 ). Bacteria population are most actively involved in the plant fibre degradation, as revealed by the fact that bacteria associated with feed particles account for nearly 50% to 75% of the total microbial population ( Minato et al., 1966 ).…”

Section: Digestive Physiology Of Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: A review

Arowolo

2018

Animal Nutrition

100

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Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms (probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds (botanical extract) are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastro-intestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However, long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.

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Rumen Microbiology: An Overview

Cited by 44 publications

References 117 publications

Influence of Farming Conditions on the Rumen of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Influence of Farming Conditions on the Rumen of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Alterations in Rumen Bacterial Community and Metabolome Characteristics of Cashmere Goats in Response to Dietary Nutrient Density

Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: A review

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