Rumen microbial fermentation, protozoan abundance and boron availability in yearling rams fed diets with different boron concentrations

Selected physiological effects of boron compounds for animals and humans. A review

“…Therefore, the connection between the bio-molecules and boron may affect some processes of specific metabolic pathways. Thus, the chemical structure of boron compound allows to react with many other enzymes and metabolites, which can change the mineral and energy metabolism in ruminants (Sizmaz et al, 2017), monogastric animals as well as in humans (Hunt, 2012). Dietary boron does not efficiently accumulate in soft tissues of mammals, which has been documented in earlier studies by lack of considerable incorporation of boron in testis and epididymis (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010).…”

“…In contrast to blood and soft tissues, bones show selective uptake and remarkably longer retention times of boron. There are numerous experimental and epidemiological investigations showing the beneficial effects of both nutritional and pharmacological intakes of boron compounds, n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3LPUFA) and conjugated PUFA on metabolic balance as well as bone formation and mineralization, bone mechanical properties and maintenance in mammals (Armstrong et al, 2000;2002;Armstrong and Spears, 2001;Białek et al, 2017;Sizmaz et al, 2017). The research also indicate the influence of boron compounds on the response to hormones involved in bone turnover such as estrogen and vitamin D 3 in higher animals and humans (Rondanelli et al, 2013;Nielsen, 2014;Bozkurt and Küçükyilmaz, 2015;Uluisik et al, 2018).…”

“…Consistently, these studies revealed that boron is important in sugar transport, carbohydrate metabolism, RNA metabolism, membrane transport, respiration and bioaccumulation of other biologically essential elements. Minute amounts of boron compounds play a strengthening role in the cell walls of all plants (Blevins and Lukaszewski, 1998;Kabu et al, 2015;Sizmaz et al, 2017). In fact, very important elements for animals and higher plants growth are N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo and Ni (Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016).…”

“…Furthermore, diets enriched with boron decrease Ca concentrations in the embryo, oviduct and uterus and P concentrations in the pig ovary, uterus and liver. Similarly, dietary sodium borate (30 g B per day) improves the metabolic status of cattle during periparturient period by stimulating glucose metabolism, limiting lipolysis intensity and increasing serum concentrations of P, Mg and Ca, hence preventing metabolic ailments in dairy cattle (Kabu and Civelek, 2012;Kabu and Akosman, 2013;2015;Sizmaz et al, 2017). Interestingly, laboratory studies reveal that plasma testosterone concentrations increase in rats fed 2 mg B per day, but raising boron dose to 12.5 or 25 mg per day results in lower plasma testosterone contents (Naghii and Samman, 1996;.…”

“…Boron deficiency causes osteoporosis. Armstrong et al, 2000;2002;Armstrong and Spears, 2001;Palacios, 2006;Hakki et al, 2013;Soriano-Ursúa et al, 2014;Mogoşanu et al, 2016;Sizmaz et al, 2017;Hunter et al, 2019 Growth performance…”