Rumen Fluke in Cattle and Buffaloes in Asia: A Review

Abstract

Rumen fluke is a parasitosis that infects ruminant animals across a wide geographical range of countries. It is a severe infection in temperate and tropical climate regions of Asia, Australia, Africa, and Europe, which cause significant economic losses. In this review, the available information to date on rumen fluke species infecting cattle and buffaloes in Asian countries is evaluated. The citation search was performed through specific keywords, literature published from 1964 to 2021, retrieved from electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Pub Med, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Twenty-six (26) rumen fluke species belonging to two families: Paramphistomidae 61.5% (16/26) and Gastrothylacidae 38.4% (10/26), were reported in cattle and buffaloes in fourteen Asian countries. Paramphistomum cervi and Cotylophoron cotylophorum are the most prevalent species with broader distribution in countries than the other genera. The coprological prevalence varies from 0.8% to 98.17% and 0.86% to 78.4% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The prevalence of rumen fluke by fluke counts method range between 6.45% to 90.6% and 4.29% to 75.07% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The sedimentation method and fluke count are reliable tests for detecting rumen fluke in live and slaughtered animals. In conclusion, the rumen fluke should be considered a critical production disease that affects cattle and buffaloes in Asia. Further studies are necessary to determine the rumen fluke-snail associations, develop diagnostic tests to detect prepatent infections in the definitive host, determine the economic importance of rumen fluke, and determine the efficacy of different anthelmintic in the treatment of patent infections in the definitive host.

Prevalence and geographical distribution of amphistomes of African wild ruminants: A scoping review

“…African buffalo was the most frequently infected wild ruminant across Africa, infected with 21 amphistome species from different genera which include Calicophon , Carmyerius, Cotylophoron, Paramphistomum, Gigantocotyle, Leiperocotyle and Stephanopharynx . A similar trend was observed in Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Phillipines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey), where over 26 amphistome species belonging to the families Gastrothylacidae and Paramphistomoidea were reported in buffaloes ( Tookhy et al, 2022 ). These infections in African buffalo are not surprising as these ruminants are widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, and is often considered an important reservoir for livestock diseases ( Eygelaar et al, 2015 ).…”

“…In general, results showed that Southern African countries recorded some of the highest prevalence rates of amphistomes infections, while East, North, and Central Africa have low to moderate rates. Regional differences in amphistome prevalence are likely due to factors like environmental conditions, ecology, host-parasite interaction, and collection season ( Phiri et al, 2011 ; Tookhy et al, 2022 ). According to ( Hajipour et al, 2021 ) this variation in prevalence of amphistomes may due to different climatic conditions, ecological and management systems.…”

Gastrointestinal parasite infections and associated factors in fighting bulls over 7 years of monitoring in Southern Thailand

“…PP are the most common trematodes found in the rumen and reticulum of ruminants. Evidence of its infection has been reported worldwide, especially in Asia (61.5%) [ 15 ]. Typically, mature rumen flukes do not induce clinical disease, but substantial infection with immature parasites can result in enteritis accompanied by symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, which may result in mortality among young livestock [ 16 ].…”

Morphological and molecular identification of lymnaeid snail and trematodes cercariae in different water bodies in Perak, Malaysia

“…Freshwater snails play an important role as intermediate hosts of several trematodes species in the superfamilies such as Paramphistomoidea, Fascioloidea, Clinostomoidea, Diplostomoidea, Echinostomatoidea, Pronocephaloidea and Schistosomatoidea (Bawm et al 2022; Martin & Cabrera, 2018;Islam et al 2013). These trematodes parasites in many tropical and sub-tropical countries cause public health threats and socioeconomic problems (Tookhy et al 2022;Prasopdee et al 2015). Family Lymnaeidae receives much interest among freshwater snails since they are involved in the life cycle of several trematodes with substantial biomedical and veterinary implications (Saijuntha et al 2021;Mohammed et al 2016; Bargues et al 2011).…”