Rumen fermentation pattern in goats and sheep grazing pastures from semiarid Spanish lands unsupplemented or supplemented with barley grain or barley grain-urea

García, María Alejandra; Isac, M.D.; Aguilera, J. F.; Alcaide, Eduarda Molina

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(94)90156-2

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Therefore, the pH values obtained in the present work were similar to those observed with diets based on shrubs either in vivo [14] or in vitro [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of polyethylene glycol, urea and sunflower meal supply on two-stage olive cake fermentation

et al. 2004

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-A continuous culture system, inoculated with rumen liquor from goats or sheep, was used to study the ruminal fermentation characteristics of the two-stage dried olive cake (TSDOC). The effects of adding polyethylene glycol (PEG; 0, 2 or 20 g per 100 g TSDOC) and/or supplementing with urea (U) or sunflower meal (SM) (1.5 g N per 100 g OM) were also studied. TSDOC fermentation promoted low volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (20.5 mmol per day), predominantly acetic acid, and low efficiency of VFA production (1.88 mol per kg digestible carbohydrates, DCHO). Both values increased (P < 0.001) with PEG and N addition, while no important differences ascribed to the origin of rumen inoculum were observed. Total and amino acid nitrogen output was low and increased (P < 0.001) with N addition without being affected by PEG treatment. Bacterial nitrogen production was calculated from the difference between non ammonia (NAN) and acid-detergent-insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) outputs. No important differences, deriving from the inoculum origin, were observed for bacterial N production rate and efficiency (g N per kg DCHO). Increased (P < 0.001) VFA, DCHO and bacterial N production and efficiency of VFA production were observed with N addition. The response to protein (i.e. sunflower meal) supply was more pronounced than to urea. Treatment of TSDOC with PEG increased VFA production (P < 0.001) (from 21.8 to 27.8 mmol per day) and efficiency of microbial N synthesis (P < 0.01) (from 17.7 to 27.1 g bacterial N per kg DCHO) but it decreased (P < 0.001) the DCHO production. a diminué la production des acides gras volatils (20,5 mmol par jour), principalement l'acide acétique, ainsi que l'efficience de leur production (1,88 mol par kg glucides digestibles, DCHO). Ces deux valeurs ont augmenté (P < 0,001) avec l'addition du PEG et l'apport azoté ; en revanche, l'origine du jus de rumen n'a eu que très peu d'effet. Les productions de matières azotées totales et d'acides aminés ont été faibles, mais elles ont augmenté (P < 0,001) avec l'addition d'azote, tout en n'étant pas affectées par le traitement avec le PEG. La quantité de matières azotées d'origine bactérienne a été calculée à partir de la différence entre la production d'azote non ammoniacal et la production d'azote insoluble dans le détergent acide (ADIN). La vitesse de production et l'efficacité de synthèse (g N par kg DCHO) d'azote microbien n'ont pas été affectées par l'origine du jus de rumen, alors que la supplémentation azotée a augmenté (P < 0,001) les quantités d'acides gras volatils, des glucides fermentés, d'azote microbien, ainsi que le rendement de production des acides gras volatils. La réponse obtenue avec le tourteau de tournesol a été plus prononcée que celle obtenue avec l'urée. Le traitement des grignons d'olive avec le PEG a augmenté (P < 0,001) la quantité des acides gras volatils (de 21,8 à 27,8 mmol par jour) et la production d'azote microbien (P < 0,01) (de 17,7 à 27,1 g d'azote microbien par kg DCHO), mais il a diminué (P < 0,001) la quantité de ...

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“…Therefore, the pH values obtained in the present work were similar to those observed with diets based on shrubs either in vivo [14] or in vitro [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of polyethylene glycol, urea and sunflower meal supply on two-stage olive cake fermentation

et al. 2004

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“…The attraction of ticks to volatile rumen end-products explains how ticks track their ruminant hosts. The rumen fermenter generates a great variety of partially oxidized volatiles in which short-chain carboxylic acids (acetic, propionic, butanoic and isobutanoic) predominate (Garcia et al, 1994). Ruminants eruct at regular intervals (once every 2-3·min), voiding half the rumen gaseous contents into breath in 1·h (Waghorn and Stafford, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amblyomma adults. Rumen fluid odour is the product of a stable bioreactor whose major chemical constituents do not vary greatly between ruminant species (Garcia et al, 1994). Given the affiliation of hard ticks for large wandering ungulates such as ruminants, we hypothesised that chemicals eructed from the rumen to the exterior might be significant in mediating their recruitment to suitable hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Donzé

McMahon

Guérin

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Hard ticks spend most of their life isolated from passing vertebrates but require a blood meal to proceed to the next life stage (larva, nymph or adult). These opportunist ectoparasites must be capable of anticipating signals that render suitable hosts apparent. Large ungulates that tolerate a high ectoparasite burden are the favoured hosts of adult hard ticks. Ruminants, comprising the majority of ungulate species, must regularly eruct gases from the foregut to relieve excess pressure and maintain a chemical equilibrium. Through eructations from individuals, and particularly herds,ruminants inadvertently signal their presence to hard ticks. Here, we report that all adult hard tick species we tested are attracted to cud and demonstrate that these acarines possess olfactory receptor cells for the carboxylic acid, phenol and indole end-products of the rumen bioreactor. Compounds from each of these classes of volatiles attract ticks on their own,and mixtures of these volatiles based on rumen composition also attract. Appetence for rumen metabolites represents a fundamental resource-tracking adaptation by hard ticks for large roaming mammals.

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“…Low‐quality roughages are widely used in many countries for climatic, economic and other reasons (Garcia et al . ; Kaitho et al . ; Kim et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low‐quality roughage

Okayama

Iwasawa

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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Early experience with low-quality roughage may induce adaptations in ruminants' metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the variation in the hepatic metabolomes of lambs fed low-quality roughage beginning early in life. Five lambs were fed Sudan grass hay (crude protein (CP): 4.6% of the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, 68.5% of DM) for 6 months during time periods P1, P2 and P3, which consisted of 2 months each. The metabolizable energy (ME) and CP intake satisfied lambs' maintenance requirements in P1 and P2, but the ME intake was 78.5% of the maintenance ME requirement in P3. Liver metabolomics was carried out in P2 and P3 by the capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Eight amino acids and six amino acid metabolism-related metabolites were altered between P2 and P3. Several intermediates of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis decreased, while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate increased in P3. Taurocholic acid and taurine increased, while glycocholic acid decreased in P3. The results suggested that amino acid utilization and the efficiency of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis might be adjusted to accommodate the low-quality roughage fed to the lambs during early stages of life. The composition of bile acids might also be optimized to promote the efficiency of lipid absorption.

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Rumen fermentation pattern in goats and sheep grazing pastures from semiarid Spanish lands unsupplemented or supplemented with barley grain or barley grain-urea

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of polyethylene glycol, urea and sunflower meal supply on two-stage olive cake fermentation

Effect of polyethylene glycol, urea and sunflower meal supply on two-stage olive cake fermentation

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low‐quality roughage

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