Rumen bacterial community, indicators of reproduction and milk productivity at different levels of protein concentrate in the diets of dairy cows

Abstract

The use of new sources of by-pass protein in the cow diets to optimize milk production and herd reproduction performance indicators in modern economic conditions is relevant. The article presents data on the use of a protein concentrate containing plant and animal components and its effect on the quality of the milk obtained, the state of the rumen bacterial community and reproduction indicators. The use of protein concentrate of both 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg/head/day contributed to improving the quality and increasing the yield of dry matter of cow's milk by 0.17-0.43 %. During the days in milk, with the use of protein concentrate it was observed that increase the content of Selenomonas by 1.7 % and 4.1%, which cleave the urea, indicates a more efficient use of nitrogen in the diet. The inclusion of protein concentrate in the composition of daily diets helps to improve reproduction indicators, reduce the duration of the service period and the number of semen doses spent.

An Investigation on the Effects of Partial Replacement of Rapeseed Cake in Ayrshire Dairy Heifers’ Diets with By-Product Source of Animal Protein on Body Weight Dynamics, Nutrient Balancing, and Blood Biochemical Markers

“…Analysis of the rumen content showed that the number of Bacteroidetes in cows of groups (1.0 and 1.5 kg/day) receiving protein concentrate in their diets was reduced by 1.5% and 2.9%. There were no significant differences between the control group and the groups receiving PCAM supplements and in most of the rumen microbiota, with the exception of pathogenic microorganisms such as Peptococcus and Fusobacteria; a significant decrease was noted between the control group and the groups receiving PCAM supplements [31,34,35].…”

“…The basis for increasing the productivity of livestock is to meet the needs of the body, firstly, in the optimal intake of nutrients from the diet, and secondly, their effective decomposition to monomers in the gastrointestinal tract and use for the needs of the body and productivity [47,53,54]. Rations containing animal proteins have a more complete digestible protein, because in ruminants, more precisely in rumen microorganisms, there are no enzymes capable of breaking them down to amino acids and subsequently to amino acids [35].…”

“…On the other hand, a microbiota with antimicrobial activity that stimulates animal immunity, such as Bifidobacterium sp. and Bacillus sp., has been elevated [32,35].…”

“…In our early works devoted to the use of a new protein feed protein concentrate Agro-Matic (PCAM), which is made from poultry meat processing waste and crushed white lupine grain in feeding lactating cows [31][32][33][34][35], it was shown that the inclusion of it in various quantities in the diet of highly productive Ayrshire dairy cows showed a positive effect on milk productivity and milk quality throughout the lactation period, improved digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen retention in the body without deterioration of the physiological and the sanitary condition of cows. Moreover, the inclusion of 1.5 kg/head/day PCAM was the best regarding economic benefits [31][32][33][34].…”