Rumble in the Effector Jungle: Candidate Effector Proteins in Interactions of Plants with Powdery Mildew and Rust Fungi

Barsoum, Mirna; Sabelleck, Björn; Spanu, Pietro D.; Panstruga, Ralph

doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1653514

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Pm4b race-specific action was conserved in transgenic lines, confirming that overexpressing both Pm4b_V1 and Pm4b_V2 did not result in unspecific auto-activity. The molecular basis of race-specificity is well understood in direct or indirect recognition in NLR-based resistance 14,45 . However, given the novel domain architecture of Pm4, the information on NLR-based specificity cannot be easily applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins

et al. 2021

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Crop breeding for resistance to pathogens largely relies on genes encoding receptors that confer race-specific immunity. Here we report the identification of the wheat Pm4 racespecific resistance gene to powdery mildew. Pm4 encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine-threonine kinase and multiple C2-domains and transmembrane regions, a unique domain architecture among known resistance proteins. Pm4 undergoes constitutive alternative splicing generating two isoforms with different protein domain topologies that are both essential for resistance function. Both isoforms interact and localize to the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) when co-expressed. Pm4 reveals additional diversity of immune receptor architecture to be explored for breeding and suggests an ER-based molecular mechanism of Pm4-mediated race-specific resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins

et al. 2021

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“…A recent study shows that the transcriptional responses in oak vary substantially depending on the ectomycorrhizal fungal species that is colonizing the root, but a common response induced by the tested EMF species was the reduction of defense gene transcript levels, when the roots had been colonized ( Bouffaud et al, 2020 ). It is therefore possible that initially fungal MAMPs induce defenses, which are subsequently suppressed by mechanisms similar to those employed pathogenic fungi ( Barsoum et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Shedding Light On Ectomycorrhizal Induced Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

et al. 2020

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.

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“…Scanning the Colletotrichum genomes for identification of full putative effector repertoires of the pathogen may be a useful tool for soybean breeders in the development of new cultivars with durable resistance against anthracnose (Barsoum et al., 2019; Lenman et al., 2016; Oliver & Solomon, 2010; Prasad et al., 2019; Van de Wouw & Idnurm, 2019). Although there is no breeding programme aimed at screening resistance to soybean anthracnose so far, the genomic resources now available may support the development of future programmes.…”

Section: Genomics As a Tool For Understanding Pathogenicity Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, techniques such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and genome scans for signatures of selection and selective sweeps are powerful tools to identify genes involved in host-specific interactions of fungal pathogens (Grünwald et al, 2016;Plissonneau et al, 2017 (Gan et al, 2017;Rao & Nandineni, 2017;Rogério et al, 2020). A summary of the genome assembly statistics is available in Scanning the Colletotrichum genomes for identification of full putative effector repertoires of the pathogen may be a useful tool for soybean breeders in the development of new cultivars with durable resistance against anthracnose (Barsoum et al, 2019;Lenman et al, 2016;Oliver & Solomon, 2010;Prasad et al, 2019; Van de Wouw & Idnurm, 2019). Although there is no breeding programme aimed at screening resistance to soybean anthracnose so far, the genomic resources now available may support the development of future programmes.…”

Section: G Enomi C S a S A Tool For Under S Tanding Pathog Enicit Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species: Current status and future prospects

Boufleur

Ciampi‐Guillardi

Tikami

et al. 2021

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important cultivated plants worldwide as a source of protein‐rich foods and animal feeds. Anthracnose, caused by different lineages of the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum, is one of the main limiting factors to soybean production. Losses due to anthracnose have been neglected, but their impact may threaten up to 50% of the grain production. Taxonomy While C. truncatum is considered the main species associated with soybean anthracnose, recently other species have been reported as pathogenic on this host. Until now, it has not been clear whether the association of new Colletotrichum species with the disease is related to emerging species or whether it is due to the undergoing changes in the taxonomy of the genus. Disease symptoms Typical anthracnose symptoms are pre‐ and postemergence damping‐off; dark, depressed, and irregular spots on cotyledons, stems, petioles, and pods; and necrotic laminar veins on leaves that can result in premature defoliation. Symptoms may evolve to pod rot, immature opening of pods, and premature germination of grains. Challenges As accurate species identification of the causal agent is decisive for disease control and prevention, in this work we review the taxonomic designation of Colletotrichum isolated from soybean to understand which lineages are pathogenic on this host. We also present a comprehensive literature review of soybean anthracnose, focusing on distribution, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease management, identification, and diagnosis. We consider the knowledge emerging from population studies and comparative genomics of Colletotrichum spp. associated with soybean providing future perspectives in the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenicity process. Useful website Updates on Colletotrichum can be found at http://www.colletotrichum.org/. All available Colletotrichum genomes on GenBank can be viewed at http://www.colletotrichum.org/genomics/.

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Rumble in the Effector Jungle: Candidate Effector Proteins in Interactions of Plants with Powdery Mildew and Rust Fungi

Cited by 27 publications

References 176 publications

Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins

Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species: Current status and future prospects

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