Rule of Law Expedited: Land Title Reform and Justice in Burma (Myanmar)

McCarthy, Stephen

doi:10.1080/10357823.2018.1444731

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Agricultural Lands Act (1953) placed further restrictions on land use, including banning leasing and stipulating that agricultural land could not be left fallow or unworked. The Tenancy Act (1963) effectively defined farmers as tenants on state‐owned land, with farmers only given tillage rights (Fenichel & Khan, 1981; McCarthy, 2018).…”

Section: The Delta During the Second Food Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking rural development in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta through a historical food regimes frame

Vicol

Pritchard

2020

Singap J Trop Geogr

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Recent strategies to address rural poverty and food insecurity in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta emphasize the scope for market-based and smallholder-led agricultural development to catalyze broader positive change for rural populations. This paper challenges the appropriateness of this development model for the Ayeyarwady Delta. Assumptions of latent growth potential among an emerging smallholder capitalist agricultural class fundamentally misinterpret how farming is embedded within the Delta's regional economy. Using a long historical perspective informed by the food regimes approach, as well as household-level data from a recently completed livelihoods survey in two townships, we reveal a contemporary situation in which medium-sized and large landholders control most agricultural production. We argue that this is a path-dependent legacy from how the Delta has been successively incorporated into the politics of food production and trade at global and national scales. These arrangements have left the Delta without a broad smallholder base, meaning that policies that prioritize smallholder-led market development will not generate the type of pro-poor outcomes required to address the Delta's pervasive rates of food insecurity and poverty. Instead, a rural development agenda for the Delta should focus on its actually existing social and economic dynamics that are a legacy of its history.

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Section: The Delta During the Second Food Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking rural development in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta through a historical food regimes frame

Vicol

Pritchard

2020

Singap J Trop Geogr

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“…The government of Myanmar has included the achievement of a solution to the land grabbing crisis as one of its main objectives; however, big progress is yet to be seen [99,100]. Thein Sein's government also took some actions, but they were perceived to have had some negative consequences [101]. The national government promoted a consultation process that has resulted in the National Land Use Policy in Myanmar [102]; however, full resolution is still not near, with conflicts also arising between neighboring towns [103].…”

Section: Potential Disputes To Secure Land Through Due Process (T1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A SWOT Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar in Myanmar

Alvarez

Sugiyama

2020

Energies

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Myanmar remains one of the few exceptions to the rapid diffusion of solar photovoltaics (PV) in power generation mixes. This is surprising considering that Myanmar is one of the countries with the largest technical potential for solar energy among Southeast Asian nations. Solar energy can complement the existing hydropower generation to address endemic energy crisis during the dry season. A continuation of paralysis on investments in solar energy could affect the security and sustainability of the sector in one of the most rapidly growing countries in the region. In this paper, we aimed to identify the barriers preventing solar energy to flourish in Myanmar and to identify policy options to unlock them. We conducted a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis with inputs from relevant stakeholders from the government, private sector, and civil society organizations. Our analysis suggested a consensus on the merits of solar energy among all factors; however, a policy framework to spur investments that contribute both to the national energy system and local development needs to be developed by considering some particularities of Myanmar, such as securing rightful land ownership and limited experience with market mechanisms (e.g., energy auction), for the promotion of investments in the energy sector.

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“…However, in absence of strong state presence, land in upland Chin State has traditionally been governed according to customary village level tenure regimes. In 2012, however, two new land laws-the Farmland Law and the Vacant, Fallow, and Virgin Land Management Law-were enacted by the Thein Sein cabinet that governed Myanmar at the time, to reform national land sector regulations and facilitate state-building and investments in land [16,51]. These laws are in line with the often fallacious 'discourse of marginal land' [28] (p. 161).…”

Section: Vulnerabilities To Shifting Land-governance Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upland Livelihoods between Local Land and Global Labour Market Dependencies: Evidence from Northern Chin State, Myanmar

et al. 2018

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Livelihoods and agrarian change processes across upland South-East Asia have been explored for decades. Yet, knowledge gaps remain about contemporary livelihood strategies and land dependence in areas previously inaccessible to academic research, such as in upland Myanmar. Moreover, new strands of inquiry arise with continued globalisation, e.g., into the effects of remittances and labour migration on household incomes and livelihoods in distant upland areas. This study applied clustering techniques to income accounts of 94 households from northern Chin State, Myanmar to: (i) Identify households’ livelihood strategies; (ii) assess their dependence on access to land and natural resources; and (iii) compare absolute and relative incomes across strategies. We show that households engaged in six relatively distinct livelihood strategies: Relying primarily on own farming activities; making a living off the land with mixed income from agriculture and forest resources; engaging in wage employment; living from remittances; practicing non-forest tree husbandry; or engaging in self-employed business activities. We found significant income inequalities across clusters, with households engaging in remittance and wage-oriented livelihood strategies realizing higher incomes than those primarily involved in land-based activities. Our findings point to differentiated vulnerabilities associated with the identified livelihood strategies—to climate risks, shifting land-governance regimes and labour market forces.

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Rule of Law Expedited: Land Title Reform and Justice in Burma (Myanmar)

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Rethinking rural development in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta through a historical food regimes frame

Rethinking rural development in Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Delta through a historical food regimes frame

A SWOT Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar in Myanmar

Upland Livelihoods between Local Land and Global Labour Market Dependencies: Evidence from Northern Chin State, Myanmar

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