Rule-dependent anticipatory activity in prefrontal neurons

Yamada, Munekazu; Romero, Maria C.; Iijima, Toshio; Tsutsui, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2010.02.011

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Of the 245 single neurons identified, 79 neurons, representing 73% of all task-modulated neurons, fired more for one ‘preferred’ rule over another. Activity in the pre-cue epoch for a preferred rule was observed, comparable to previous primate findings (Yamada et al, 2010). Additionally, the strength of rule activity increased as animals discerned what the appropriate rule block was and behavior improved but then decreased, suggesting a role for mPFC rule neurons in both maintaining a representation of a preferred rule but also in signaling a shift to other downstream areas.…”

Section: Neurophysiology Of Rule Shifting In the Prefrontal Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…As with mPFC, the rule signal in these neurons even preceded the onset of the cue presentation (Fig. 2C), reflecting activity in a similar pattern to previous primate PFC work(Yamada et al, 2010) and even fMRI work in humans(Boettiger and D'Esposito, 2005) but also in human fMRI work regarding the role of striatum in rule-based learning and performance(Cools et al, 2004, Seger and Cincotta, 2006). mDS rule neurons robustly signaling one rule over another, significantly increasing firing for one rule block but not increasing activity for the other.…”

Section: Neurophysiology Of Rule Shifting In the Striatumsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Neurophysiology of rule switching in the corticostriatal circuit

Bissonette

Roesch

2017

Neuroscience

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The ability to adjust behavioral responses to cues in a changing environment is crucial for survival. Activity in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) is thought to both represent rules to guide behavior as well as detect and resolve conflicts between rules in changing contingencies. While lesion and pharmacological studies have supported a crucial role for mPFC in this type of set-shifting, an understanding of how mPFC represents current rules or detects and resolves conflict between different rules is still unclear. Meanwhile, medial dorsal striatum (mDS) receives major projections from mPFC and neural activity of mDS is closely linked to action selection, making the mDS a potential major player for enacting rule-guided action policies. However, exactly what is signaled by mPFC and how this impacts neural signals in mDS is not well known. In this review, we will summarize what is known about neural signals of rules and set shifting in both prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, as well as provide questions and directions for future experiments.

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Section: Neurophysiology Of Rule Shifting In the Prefrontal Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Neurophysiology Of Rule Shifting In the Striatumsupporting

confidence: 78%

Neurophysiology of rule switching in the corticostriatal circuit

Bissonette

Roesch

2017

Neuroscience

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“…More importantly, a switch from the ON to the OFF state caused by a second inhibitory input can be predicted by the microcircuit response properties (total number of spikes) during the inducing stimulus, which is presented seconds before the termination takes place. This ability to predict ON and OFF states is in agreement with previous modeling (albeit with a different feature) work [23] and conforms with experimental work [51] showing that single neurons can encode state transitions, and PFC neurons in particular, can categorize signals in vivo at the onset of stimulus presentation [52]. This information is readily available to downstream regions [53], [54], presumably contributing to the preparation of a specific movement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dendritic Nonlinearities Reduce Network Size Requirements and Mediate ON and OFF States of Persistent Activity in a PFC Microcircuit Model

2014

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Technological advances have unraveled the existence of small clusters of co-active neurons in the neocortex. The functional implications of these microcircuits are in large part unexplored. Using a heavily constrained biophysical model of a L5 PFC microcircuit, we recently showed that these structures act as tunable modules of persistent activity, the cellular correlate of working memory. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that underlie persistent activity emergence (ON) and termination (OFF) and search for the minimum network size required for expressing these states within physiological regimes. We show that (a) NMDA-mediated dendritic spikes gate the induction of persistent firing in the microcircuit. (b) The minimum network size required for persistent activity induction is inversely proportional to the synaptic drive of each excitatory neuron. (c) Relaxation of connectivity and synaptic delay constraints eliminates the gating effect of NMDA spikes, albeit at a cost of much larger networks. (d) Persistent activity termination by increased inhibition depends on the strength of the synaptic input and is negatively modulated by dADP. (e) Slow synaptic mechanisms and network activity contain predictive information regarding the ability of a given stimulus to turn ON and/or OFF persistent firing in the microcircuit model. Overall, this study zooms out from dendrites to cell assemblies and suggests a tight interaction between dendritic non-linearities and network properties (size/connectivity) that may facilitate the short-memory function of the PFC.

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“…Furthermore, other studies have indicated that the vDLPFC is concerned with abstract information beyond any sensory modality: a recent lesion study indicates that the vDLPFC is involved in working memory for abstract rule (Buckley et al, 2009). Additionally, there are a number of single-unit recording studies reporting sustained activity of neurons coding the abstract rule information (Wallis and Miller, 2003a; Yamada et al, 2010). …”

Section: Visuospatial Working Memory In Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much evidence from human neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies indicate that the human PFC is involved not only in visuospatial working memory but also in nonspatial working memory of various modalities, as well as many other aspects of cognitive and executive control functions (e.g., Owen et al, 1996; Koechlin et al, 1999; Olesen et al, 2004; for review, Stuss and Knight, 2002; Fuster, 2008; Passingham and Wise, 2012). Monkey electrophysiological studies have shown the neural correlates of various cognitive functions besides working memory within the PFC on the single-neuron level, such as response inhibition (Watanabe, 1986b), attentional control (Sakagami and Tsutsui, 1999; Lebedev et al, 2004), categorical recognition (Freedman et al, 2001; Antzoulatos and Miller, 2011; Tsutsui et al, 2016b), numerical recognition (Nieder et al, 2002), rule-based judgments (Wallis et al, 2001; Mansouri et al, 2006; Yamada et al, 2010), value-based decision making (Barraclough et al, 2004; Cai and Padoa-Schioppa, 2014; Tsutsui et al, 2016a), and complex action planning (Mushiake et al, 2006). We have no intention to insist that the function of the entire PFC can be solely explained by working memory, and indeed we admit that even the above mentioned list of PFC functions is not at all exhaustive.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Overview of Visuospatial Working Memory in Monkeys and Rats

Tsutsui

Oyama

Nakamura

et al. 2016

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Neural mechanisms of working memory, particularly its visuospatial aspect, have long been studied in non-human primates. On the other hand, rodents are becoming more important in systems neuroscience, as many of the innovative research methods have become available for them. There has been a question on whether primates and rodents have similar neural backgrounds for working memory. In this article, we carried out a comparative overview of the neural mechanisms of visuospatial working memory in monkeys and rats. In monkeys, a number of lesion studies indicate that the brain region most responsible for visuospatial working memory is the ventral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vDLPFC), as the performance in the standard tests for visuospatial working memory, such as delayed response and delayed alternation tasks, are impaired by lesions in this region. Single-unit studies revealed a characteristic firing pattern in neurons in this area, a sustained delay activity. Further studies indicated that the information maintained in the working memory, such as cue location and response direction in a delayed response, is coded in the sustained delay activity. In rats, an area comparable to the monkey vDLPFC was found to be the dorsal part of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as the delayed alternation in a T-maze is impaired by its lesion. Recently, the sustained delay activity similar to that found in monkeys has been found in the dorsal mPFC of rats performing the delayed response task. Furthermore, anatomical studies indicate that the vDLPFC in monkeys and the dorsal mPFC in rats have much in common, such as that they are both the major targets of parieto-frontal projections. Thus lines of evidence indicate that in both monkeys and rodents, the PFC plays a critical role in working memory.

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Rule-dependent anticipatory activity in prefrontal neurons

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Neurophysiology of rule switching in the corticostriatal circuit

Neurophysiology of rule switching in the corticostriatal circuit

Dendritic Nonlinearities Reduce Network Size Requirements and Mediate ON and OFF States of Persistent Activity in a PFC Microcircuit Model

Comparative Overview of Visuospatial Working Memory in Monkeys and Rats

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