Rudolph Virchow and Scientific Medicine

Rather, L. J.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1957.00260120151019

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The age of Romanticism still permeated medicine in Germany in the 19 th century, with hypotheses being put forward based on little evidence and little importance placed on observation and experimentation. 8,9,13,25 Robert Froriep, a professor of Virchow who exposed him to the more progressive scientific ideas of France and England, challenged Virchow to disprove the notion that "phlebitis dominates all pathology," a claim made by French pathologist Jean Cruveilhier. 3,4,16,20 Not only was phlebitis believed to be the precursor for all diseases, but it was also thought to be the cause of pulmonary thrombosis.…”

Section: Attribution Of Virchow's Triadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virchow's Contribution to the Understanding of Thrombosis and Cellular Biology

Kumar

Hanlin²,

Glurich³

et al. 2010

Clinical Medicine & Research

232

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Attribution Of Virchow's Triadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virchow's Contribution to the Understanding of Thrombosis and Cellular Biology

Kumar

Hanlin²,

Glurich³

et al. 2010

Clinical Medicine & Research

232

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It was at this time that molecular medicine appeared on the horizon, long before the genetic code was deciphered or medical genetics were known. Already in the early 1890s Canadian physician Sir William Osler (1849-1919) at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore had identified hereditary patterns in families with coronary artery disease [17], and in 1894 the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, considered the “father of modern pathology” [18, 19] proposed changing the prevailing dogma in anatomy, pathology and disease development, foreseeing the future of cellular and molecular biology and current modern medicine - concepts that were fully compatible with the observations of early endocrinologists discussed above [13-21]. Virchow presented his revolutionary views in a lecture presented at the XI International Medical Congress in Rome on March 30, 1894, which he ended with the following words: “ … The idea of the ‘sedes morborum’, or, as I have designated it, ‘the anatomical concept’.…”

Section: Introduction: Discovery Of Estrogens and Their Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives

Barton

Filardo

Lolait

et al. 2018

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

203

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estrogens play a critical role in many aspects of physiology, particularly female reproductive function, but also in pathophysiology, and are associated with protection from numerous diseases in premenopausal women. Steroids and the effects of estrogen have been known for ∼90 years, with the first evidence for a receptor for estrogen presented ∼50 years ago. The original ancestral steroid receptor, extending back into evolution more than 500 million years, was likely an estrogen receptor, whereas G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) trace their origins back into history more than one billion years. The classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that confer estrogen sensitivity upon many genes. It was soon apparent that these, or novel receptors may also be responsible for the "rapid"/"non-genomic" membrane-associated effects of estrogen. The identification of an orphan GPCR (GPR30, published in 1996) opened a new field of research with the description in 2000 that GPR30 expression is required for rapid estrogen signaling. In 2005-2006, the field was greatly stimulated by two studies that described the binding of estrogen to GPR30-expressing cell membranes, followed by the identification of a GPR30-selective agonist (that lacked binding and activity towards ERα and ERβ). Renamed GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor) by IUPHAR in 2007, the total number of articles in PubMed related to this receptor recently surpassed 1000. In this article, the authors present personal perspectives on how they became involved in the discovery and/or advancement of GPER research. These areas include non-genomic effects on vascular tone, receptor cloning, molecular and cellular biology, signal transduction mechanisms and pharmacology of GPER, highlighting the roles of GPER and GPER-selective compounds in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer and the obligatory role of GPER in propagating cardiovascular aging, arterial hypertension and heart failure through the stimulation of Nox expression.

show abstract

“…Virchow pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the cell theory to explain the effect of diseases on the cells of diseased organs and tissues. In the preface of his landmark Die Cellularpathologie ( Cellular Pathology, 1858), he declared that “all organ injuries start with structural or molecular alterations in cells” and went on to set out methods and objectives of pathology to demonstrate the cellular changes of organs and tissues in health and disease .…”

Section: Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the intellectual and technical developments that followed in the 19th century, the world began to change at a pace never achieved before in history. Nowhere was the impact of this systematic investigative enterprise on the accrual of new knowledge as evident as it was in the basic medical sciences, which flourished and transformed medicine into the scientific discipline that it is today . In the cumulative and progressive nature of scientific knowledge in general and that of medical knowledge in particular, two distinct and separate avenues of inquiry were instrumental in the evolution of understanding bodily functions in general and the function of the kidney in particular .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other, ingrained in the biological sciences, concerned studies that determined the structural and functional unit of living organisms as the cell, whose survival depends on maintaining the constancy of its environment that is governed by the chemical and electrical forces that control traffic across its plasma membrane . Whereas these two approaches interfaced throughout the course of their evolution in elucidating the physical and chemical principles governing cell function, they fused together in the 1930s into what became molecular biology, a discipline that has expanded and defined medical progress since then .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Early Modern Kidney—Nephrology in and about the Nineteenth Century (Part 2)

Eknoyan

2014

Seminars in Dialysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two basic science specialties that matured in the nineteenth century were instrumental in the transformation of medicine into a scientific discipline and in the process of establishing the evidentiary basis of the fundamental role of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis, whose continued exploration would lead to the emergence of nephrology in the following century. The first specialty was that of chemistry, which progressed from a descriptive to an analytical, organic, biological, and physical science that progressively eroded the animism of the "vital" forces of old and replaced it with the physicochemical forces and laws of chemical reactions that govern the "matters of life". The second specialty was that of cell biology, which established the cell as the structural and functional unit of living organisms, be they plant or animal. Refined microscopic technologies then helped to identify the structural components of the cell, amongst which the plasma membrane emerged as the most important in regulating the separation of the intracellular machinery from its external environment and thereby maintaining the internal milieu of cells. The interaction of these two specialties (chemistry, cell biology) clarified the functions of the cell in health and disease and extended it to the study of epithelial cell transport. This transforming turn of events established the role of the renal tubules in the vital function of the kidney of maintaining body homeostasis, a function well beyond that of the passive excretory filter of wastes and excess fluids it had been considered theretofore.

show abstract

Rudolph Virchow and Scientific Medicine

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Virchow's Contribution to the Understanding of Thrombosis and Cellular Biology

Virchow's Contribution to the Understanding of Thrombosis and Cellular Biology

Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives

The Early Modern Kidney—Nephrology in and about the Nineteenth Century (Part 2)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About