Rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Lin, Ku Yen; Wang, Yan Jun; Chen, Ko Lun; Yang, Chun; Ho, Ching Yuan; Lee, Kueir Rarn; Shen, Ji Lin; Chiu, Kuan−Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.01.002

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…From the comparison of these works, we conclude that the constituent rubrene molecules within the thin rubrene films fabricated with lower T sub still retain the twisted conformation as in the vapor phase. Second, for the thicker rubrene film fabricated with T sub = 146 °C (with L ≈ 17 μm)12, two rarely reported weak peaks at 2.431 ± 0.008 and 2.605 ± 0.009 eV were identified at higher T , which were comparable to the results obtained by differential reflectance spectroscopy in rubrene ultra-thin molecular films on epitaxial graphene23. These two peaks are assigned to the S 0 → S 1 transition with different vibrational progressions for a planar rubrene molecule23, separately.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Figure 1 demonstrates the constitutional super-saturation (CSS) phenomenon1235 observed on the sidewall of the growth ampoule along the mass transport direction with T sou = 300 °C. The CSS region is a place where the actual vapor pressure (from the source side) exceeds the equilibrium vapor pressure sufficiently to allow for nucleation and subsequent growth, and hence the growth in this region is dominated by surface kinetics controlled regime.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By adjusting the substrate position, T sub can be controlled. Within the CSS region, the choice of T sub not only plays an important role in the growth rate but also has a strong impact on the structural properties of the as-deposited rubrene films12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motivated by a high hole mobility1234 and a long exciton diffusion length56 observed in rubrene (C 42 H 28 ) single crystal, an intense research effort has been devoted to the preparation and characterization of various rubrene molecular solid films suitable for applications in organic electronic and optoelectronic devices78910111213141516. Rubrene molecule consists of a tetracene backbone with four phenyl side rings, and each side ring lies in a plane nearly perpendicular to the tetracene backbone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an intense research effort has been devoted to find suitable methods of depositing rubrene polycrystalline films with similar characters1015161718. Recently, by using a vacuum deposition method, we reported a series of rubrene polycrystalline films fabricated under a fixed source temperature ( T sou ) of 300 °C and with substrate temperature ( T sub ) varied from 103 to 221 °C12. The growth behaviors and structural properties for these as-deposited rubrene films exhibit a strong T sub -dependence, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the correlations between the fabrication process and the properties of the as-prepared rubrene solid films for use in organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Lin

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We report on the optical and structural characterization of rubrene polycrystalline films fabricated from vacuum deposition with various substrate temperatures (Tsub). Depending on Tsub, the role of twisted and planar rubrene conformational isomers on the properties of rubrene films is focused. The temperature (T)-dependent inverse optical transmission (IOT) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were performed on these rubrene films. The origins of these IOT and PL peaks are explained in terms of the features from twisted and planar rubrene molecules and of the band characteristics from rubrene molecular solid films. Here, two rarely reported weak-peaks at 2.431 and 2.605 eV were observed from IOT spectra, which are associated with planar rubrene. Besides, the T-dependence of optical bandgap deduced from IOT spectra is discussed with respect to Tsub. Together with IOT and PL spectra, for Tsub > 170 °C, the changes in surface morphology and unit cell volume were observed for the first time, and are attributed to the isomeric transformation from twisted to planar rubrenes during the deposition processes. Furthermore, a unified schematic diagram in terms of Frenkel exciton recombination is suggested to explain the origins of the dominant PL peaks performed on these rubrene films at 15 K.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Lin

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

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Research progress of rubrene as an excellent multifunctional organic semiconductor

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Phys.

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Rubrene, a superstar in organic semiconductors, has achieved unprecedented achievements in the application of electronic devices, and research based on its various photoelectric properties is still in progress. In this review, we introduced the preparation of rubrene crystal, summarized the applications in organic optoelectronic devices with the latest research achievements based on rubrene semiconductors. An outlook of future research directions and challenges of rubrene semiconductor for applications is also provided.

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Polymorph Selection via Sublimation onto Siloxane Templates

Solomos

Capacci-Daniel

Rubinson

et al. 2018

Crystal Growth & Design

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Diphenylurea (PU) crystallizes via slow evaporation from a range of solvents as phase pure α-PU or in a concomitant mixture with the less stable β-PU phase. Sublimation onto glass also yields α-PU in high phase purity. In contrast, sublimation onto siloxane-coated glass templates with various terminal groups (e.g., isocyanate, acetate, bromine) resulted in primarily β-PU. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the individual crystals on siloxanes exhibit a range of different morphologies (e.g., plates, needles, hollow tubes, spirals) which appear to be influenced by the terminal siloxane functionality. Under extended sublimation times (>5 h), mixtures of β and α become apparent on most siloxanes. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction studies showed that the β:α ratio changes as a function of distance from the siloxane, with more α-PU appearing at higher angles. Diffraction line intensities also indicate strong preferred orientations for β-PU crystallites within the polycrystalline layer with the fastest growth direction (b-axis) parallel to the template, but more varied orientations for α-PU. This suggests α-PU may nucleate elsewhere in the sublimation apparatus rather than on the β-coated siloxane. This study demonstrates the utility of templatedirected sublimation methods as a way to engineer metastable phases but also illustrates some of the challenges associated with achieving high phase purity on templates with limited surface area.

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Rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures

Research progress of rubrene as an excellent multifunctional organic semiconductor

Polymorph Selection via Sublimation onto Siloxane Templates

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