Rubella Virus Replication and Links to Teratogenicity

Lee, Jia-Yee; Bowden, D. Scott

doi:10.1128/cmr.13.4.571-587.2000

Cited by 152 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Prior to immunization programmes, rubella had a worldwide distribution occurring sporadically and epidemically in temperate climates, mostly in spring. Infection occurs most commonly in children and the resulting natural immunity is probably lifelong [1]. In pregnant women, the risk of intrauterine transmission is up to 90 % if infection occurs in early pregnancy (8-10 weeks' gestation), when the viraemia leads to placental infection and spread of the virus, which causes a chronic infection of the foetus leading to the development of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An audit of rubella IgG antibody status in antenatal women in a NHS Trust over 5 years (2005–2009)

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An audit of rubella IgG antibody status in antenatal women in a NHS Trust over 5 years (2005–2009)

et al. 2010

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“…5 The consequences of rubella during pregnancy may be the birth of a child with congenital anomalies, which may be severe, and multiple birth of a child apparently normal or spontaneous abortion. 20 Rubella virus generally establishes a chronic nonlytic infection in the fetus and has the potential to infect any organs. 21,22 The rubella virus teratogenic process most probably begins when placental infection occurs during maternal viremia, leading to dissemination of the virus throughout the fetus.…”

Section: Newborn Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in São Paulo

Curti

Figueiredo

Oliveira

et al. 2014

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Objective: rubella during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Samples collected from pregnant women with symptoms and suspected of congenital rubella infection between 1996 and 2008 were analyzed. Methods: a total of 23 amniotic fluid samples, 16 fetal blood samples, 1 product of conception and 1 placenta were analyzed by serology and RT-PCR. Results: all patients presented positive serology for IgG / IgM antibodies to rubella virus. Among neonates, 16 were IgG-positive, 9 were IgM-positive and 4 were negative for both antibodies. Of the 25 samples analyzed in this study, 24 were positive by RT-PCR. Changes in ultrasound were found in 15 (60%) of 25 fetuses infected with rubella virus. Fetal death and miscarriage were reported in 10 (40%) of the 25 cases analyzed. The rubella virus was amplified by PCR in all fetuses with abnormal ultrasound compatible with rubella. Fetal death and abortion were reported in 10 of 25 cases analyzed. Conclusion: this study, based on primary maternal rubella infection definitely confirms the good sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR using amniotic fluid and ultrasound. The results showed that molecular assays are important tools in the early diagnosis of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.

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“…However, primary RUBV infection during early stage of pregnancy may result in the transmission of virus through the placenta and infection of the fetus. This may in turn lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), the most common manifestations of which are blindness, mental retardation, and deafness [1]. Congenital rubella infection can also result in miscarriages, stillbirths, fetal anomalies and therapeutic abortions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnant Women in and Around Dhaka City: Are Their Children at Risk of Developing Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

et al. 2010

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Rubella Virus (RUBV) is a common cause of childhood rash and fever in non-immunized populations, and its public health importance relates to teratogenic effects of primary rubella infection in women with early pregnancy. Infection of the fetus may lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This work aimed to assess the degree of risk associated in acquiring rubella virus infection by the women during pregnancy and developing CRS among their children in Bangladesh. The study population (n = 275) included pregnant mothers (15-38 years) from various socioeconomic backgrounds attending a women health care based hospital. All subjects were personally interviewed, clinically examined and a standardized questionnaire was filled up for each of them. From each participant 3 ml blood was taken and serum was separated. Commercially available ELISA kit was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of IgM and IgG class antibodies against RUBV in collected serum samples. 209 women were found to contain detectable level of anti-RUBV IgG antibodies, but did not possess IgM antibodies against rubella. Only 9% participants were vaccinated previously against rubella virus among the whole antenatal population studied. Ninety-two percent of these vaccinated pregnant women contained serum anti-rubella IgG antibody which was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than that of the nonvaccinated study population (75%). Pregnant women from lower middle and poor socioeconomic class had significantly (P = 0.05) more intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) of fetus than the upper middle class. 20% of the women of child bearing age examined in this work were not yet exposed to RUBV and at risk of acquiring this virus during pregnancy and subsequently transmitting the virus to the fetus. Our work demonstrates rubella attack rate among antenatal population in Bangladesh as 14.5 in 1000 during pregnancy. A proper and reliable vaccination policy against rubella virus is not yet adopted at the national level in many developing countries including Bangladesh. This work identifies the requirement of detailed study for the identification of intrauterine rubella infection and its related influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thorough epidemiological studies are also considered necessary prior to the development and acceptance of national immunization program against rubella virus in Bangladesh.

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Rubella Virus Replication and Links to Teratogenicity

Cited by 152 publications

References 167 publications

An audit of rubella IgG antibody status in antenatal women in a NHS Trust over 5 years (2005–2009)

An audit of rubella IgG antibody status in antenatal women in a NHS Trust over 5 years (2005–2009)

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in São Paulo

Pregnant Women in and Around Dhaka City: Are Their Children at Risk of Developing Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

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