Rubella infections of the school teachers in Sapporo Municipal schools after their employment.

Workplace Health Promotion Interventions ConcerningWomenWorkers' Occupational Hazards

“…While affected by many occupational hazards, some of which are cited in Table 3.3, women working in the cleaning industry are also disadvantaged due to the fact that (Gavana, Tsoukana, Giannakopoulos, Smyrnakis, & Benos, 2005;Gyorkos et al, 2005;Nakazono, Nii-no, & Ishi, 1985;Skillen, Olson, & Gilbert, 2001;Valeur-Jensen et al, 1999) • Vascular problems (Kovess-Masfety, Sevilla-Dedieu, Rios-Seidel, Nerriere, & Chee, 2006) of the lower extremities due to extended standing (Sandmark, Wiktorin, Hogstedt, Klenell-Hatschek, & Vingard, 1999) in upright position • Voice disorders due to overuse of vocal chords Duff, Proctor, & Yairi, 2004;Kooijman et al, 2006;Kosztyla-Hojna, Rogowski, Ruczaj, Pepinski, & Lobaczuk-Sitnik, 2004;Roy, 1999;Sliwinska-Kowalska et al, 2006;Sulkowski & Kowalska, 2005;Thibeault, Merrill, Roy, Gray, & Smith, 2004;Williams, 2003) • Exposure to increased levels of noise (Behar et al, 2004) • Musculoskeletal problems (Fjellman-Wiklund, Brulin, & Sundelin, 2003;Sandmark, 2000;Yamamoto, Saeki, & Kurumatani, 2003) (handling and lifting small children in day care centres, physical education teachers, inadequate body posture) • Work-related stress (Fjellman-Wiklund et al, 2003;Zidkova & Martinkova, 2003) • Children's or adolescent's violent behavior (Lawrence & Green, 2005) (Weisshaar et al, 2006) • Dermal infections (staphylococcus, fungi) (McBryde, Bradley, Whitby, & McElwain, 2004) • Inhalation of irritating vapours and airborne micro-particles containing dust or other allergens (J. J. Jaakkola & Jaakkola, 2006) • Musculoskeletal disorders due to handling or lifting heavy objects, inadequate body posture (Balogh et al, 2004;Mondelli et al, 2006) • Fall injuries (stairs, slippery floors) (Kines, Hannerz, Mikkelsen, & Tuchsen, 2007) • Workplace violence ...…”