Rubber seed oil quality assessment and authentication

Abstract

Physicochemical and instrumental characterization of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) seed oil (RSO) was carried out for the purposes of quality assessment, identification, and authentication. Properties such as color (Lovibond), specific gravity, percent FFA (as oleic acid), acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and viscosity were determined. FA composition and M.W. averages of RSO were determined using GLC and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. Structural features of RSO were also determined using FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The natural form of RSO is highly acidic (acid value ≈ 43.6 mg KOH/g). The saturated FA are palmitic (17.50%) and stearic (4.82%), and the main unsaturated FA are oleic (25.33%), linoleic (37.50%), and linolenic (14.21%). The oil can be classified as semidrying. GPC shows an unusual peak that is due to a very high M.W. (≈38,800) fraction that is not found in the chromatogram of known vegetable oils and is therefore unique to RSO. FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR analyses confirmed that RSO is composed mainly of TAG of saturated and unsaturated FA. Functional groups such as carbonyl, olefinic unsaturation, esters, glyceryl, methylene, and terminal methyl that are present in vegetable oils are also present in RSO.

Characterization of fibers obtained from shredded tires

“…We found three major products: 1,3 -butadiene, 2 -methyl (1.68 min), limonene (14.48 min), and hexadecanoic acid (43.46 min); this last compound being a consequence of the thermal degradation of palmitic acid used as a lubricant. 12,13 We can also observe more than 10 peaks of lesser intensity, where different compounds derived from the thermal decomposition of the tire appear (Table II).…”

Omega-3 emulsion of Rubber <i>(Hevea brasiliensis)</i> seed oil

“…Aigbodion and Bakare [6] reported that rubber seed oil contains oleic acid (22.95%), linoleic acid (37.28%) and linolenic acid; also known as omega-3 (19.22%). Rubber seed oil contains alpha-linoleic acid which is one of the omega-3 fatty acids which is very important in our daily diet.…”

Polymer processing aid from rubber seed oil, a renewable resource: Preparation and characterization

“…VVO with acetone extract values less than 20% is regarded as first grade, greater than 20% but less than 35% is medium grade, and greater than 35% as commercial grade (Reynolds, 1962). However, a higher acetone extract value does not necessarily imply that the VVO is inferior for a particular application; VVO is specifiable only by its actual performance in tests in rubber, and not by simple chemical tests alone (Nag et al, 1995) and Rubber seed oil (Aigbodion and Bakare, 2005 (Lower, 1984). Though VVO has been used for several years, only limited number of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, crambe oil and linseed oil are used in its preparation (Erhan and Kleiman, 1990).…”