Rubber particle cavitation on toughness enhancement of SMI-modified poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)

Jar, P.‐Y. Ben; Lee, Richard; Shinmura, T.; Konishi, K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19990715)37:14<1739::aid-polb16>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A coating is stable when a polymer modifier such as a toughener 21,22 is mixed with the epoxy. Experimental data for determining the optimum weight ratios of dispersed epoxy/latex were obtained by electrodeposition from 200 g of dispersions onto 99.9% zinc anodes, typically 38 × 38 × 0.7 mm squares, at 22 ± 1°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…This could be correlated with the timeline during formation of polyurethane coatings 9 and in latex drying. 1,2,4,8 Equations (20) and (21) calculate the shape of the curves at x = 0 for the weight decrease due to evaporation, Figure 11, and for the increase in weight evaporated, Figure 12. Equation (12) equates the net flux to the difference between the rate of evaporation and the rate of condensation, so that the rate constants, k evap and k cond , are not assumed equal.…”

Section: Implications For Drying Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mass transport mechanism for the formation of latex-modified epoxy coatings by evaporation from aqueous dispersions

Phillips¹,

Davis²,

Phillips³

2004

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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The transport mechanism for the evaporation of dispersing liquid during the solidification of an epoxy dispersion that had been stabilized to prevent crack formation with a latex dispersion was studied. Aqueous dispersions consisting of an experimentally determined ratio of epoxy resin and nitrile latex were evaporated at 35°C. When the dispersion was evaporated under controlled conditions without forced air flow, a flexible and adherent polymer material formed. The mechanism for coalescence was related to the loss in weight of dispersing liquid during an initial zero order kinetics stage. This was followed by a rate-controlled Fick's law diffusion through the developing coating with subsequent evaporation to the atmosphere. Experimental measurements are compared with theoretical predictions. The rate constant for the zero order time frame is 0.086 ± 0.02 hr -1 . In the second time frame, Ficks's law evaporation rate constant is 0.046 ± 0.017 cm·hr -1 with a diffusion coefficient of 0.00092 ± 0.00051 cm 2 ·hr -1 at 35 ± 1°C and RH 35 ± 7%. Applications for evaporation kinetics are discussed.T he objective of this work is to examine the solution to Fick's law diffusion equation for the formation of polymer coatings by evaporation from water or other aqueous dispersions. Deposition of polymers from waterborne dispersions by dispersing liquid evaporation has application to coating substrates. 1-13 The overall deposition process consists of a number of steps including water transport from the dispersion to the atmosphere, 1-10 coalescing of the dispersed polymer, 4,6,8 evaporation of dispersing water 1,2,4 or dispersing liquid, and solid formation by particle movement within the coalescing coating. 4,6,[9][10][11] The mechanism for water transport is initially surface evaporation, followed by diffusion-controlled mass transport 1-6 through the coating. The initial evaporation is manifested by a linear increase in the amount of liquid evaporated over a relatively short time frame. This is followed by a nonlinear increase where the mass of water evaporated decreases for a longer time.Croll 1 studied heat and mass transfer during drying by measuring the weight loss of latex coatings versus time with a digital balance connected to a microcomputer. Evaporation was controlled at 22 ± 1°C and 50 ± 2% RH; air velocity was 1.8 m·sec -1 or ambient condition. The kinetic data were interpreted as a mechanism consisting of two drying stages: water loss due to evaporation from the surface, followed by additional water loss that is limited by transport of water through a coalescing coating. In a subsequent publication, Croll 2 described an initial stage with a short time frame when the flux is 0.85 of the flux of pure water. In the second stage, water evaporation is limited by the concentration in a wet reaction layer. A derived equation reproduced the drying curves. Adesanya, Nanda, and Beard 3 monitored the moisture weight by a computer system during drying of samples of yellow poplar wood with precise dimensions at temperatures ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Implications For Drying Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transport mechanism for the formation of latex-modified epoxy coatings by evaporation from aqueous dispersions

Phillips¹,

Davis²,

Phillips³

2004

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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“…Meanwhile, there is a link between shear yielding and rubber particle cavitation. Toughness is believed to be enhanced by the matrix shear yielding associated with the rubber particle cavitation [19] . Comparing Fig.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene High-Rubber Powder and Strain Rate on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Blends

Zhang

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2010

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) high-rubber powder (HRP) toughened acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blends were prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effect of ABS HRP on mechanical and morphology properties of ABS/PMMA blends was studied. It is shown that the toughness of ABS/PMMA blends was improved effectively with the incorporation of ABS HRP, while the elastic modulus and tensile strength decrease slightly. Tensile tests at different strain rates were carried out in order to investigate the influence of strain rate on mechanical properties of various blends. Finally, the strain rate sensitive behavior of different blends was explored by using the Eyring model.

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“…The above issue is further complicated by cavitation of rubber particles, which is suspected to play an essential role on the matrix deformation, thus the toughness value. Its actual effect is not clear, as some studies suggest that particle cavitation acts as the precursor for crazing [9–11], whereas the others for shear yielding [9, 12–14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerns are also raised about sample preparation, especially for electron microscopy, as the preparation may generate artifacts, such as voids [26], which may not exist in the original sample. Although small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) can serve as an alternative technique that is not limited to small sample size [12, 13, 27–34], interpretation of the results is yet to reach a general agreement. For example, Ijichi et al [29] show that after the yield point is reached in tensile testing of HIPS a distinct streak appears in the SAXS pattern, in the direction perpendicular to the tensile loading, which they attribute to scattering from craze fibrils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of tensile test results for poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) based on Weibull distribution

Jar

2011

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Statistical analysis based on two‐parameter Weibull distribution was applied to poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) to characterize involvement of two damage types in tensile test specimens, which appear as tiny strips and uniform whitening, respectively. Analysis using Weibull distribution suggests that the probability density functions (PDF) for extension at break and total energy consumption (named toughness) give distinctively different characteristics between the two damage types. PDF curve for the tiny strips consists of a sharp peak, whereas that for the uniform whitening a broad hump. Using two‐group mixed Weibull distribution, effect of pre‐existing damage on the fracture process was examined. The PDF curves show that presence of one damage type (e.g., uniform whitening) tends to suppress generation of the other damage type (e.g., tiny strips) even in a test condition that would have favored the latter in virgin specimens. Involvement of the two damage types was quantified using portion for each subpopulation from the Weibull distribution analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Rubber particle cavitation on toughness enhancement of SMI-modified poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Mass transport mechanism for the formation of latex-modified epoxy coatings by evaporation from aqueous dispersions

Mass transport mechanism for the formation of latex-modified epoxy coatings by evaporation from aqueous dispersions

Effect of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene High-Rubber Powder and Strain Rate on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Blends

Analysis of tensile test results for poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) based on Weibull distribution

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