Rubber aging in tires. Part 1: Field results

Baldwin, John M.; Bauer, David R.; Ellwood, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.08.030

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Table 6 indicates that peel force decreases with aging. Similar findings were reported in the US in some large-scale experiments [24]. Table 6 clearly shows that the infrequently failed tires have lower peeling force compared with the frequently failed tires.…”

Section: Laboratory Testsupporting

confidence: 85%

Evaluation of Passenger Car Tire Failure in Saudi Arabia

Ratrout

2011

Arab J Sci Eng

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Tire failures, including catastrophic tread separation and blowouts, are common events that lead to serious road accidents in Saudi Arabia. In this paper, a field investigation of eight different brands of tires in Saudi Arabia was performed to understand the reasons for tire failure. Their performances were monitored in the field for a period of 10 months and then subjected to laboratory tests to investigate the effect of field conditions on the mechanical properties of the tires at the end of the performance period. The selected tires were chosen based on a previous survey conducted to determine tires which failed commonly and rarely the best four and the worst four brands in terms of failure rate were selected for this study. Field performance was measured via the strength and ductility of the tire materials, in addition to the failure events reported during the service period. Laboratory tests were performed on used and new tires to determine the effect of in-service conditions on tire properties. The laboratory tests included strength, peeling, tensile, elongation, bead unseating, endurance, and high-speed performance tests. With regard to the new tires, all the tested brands passed the internationally adopted tire quality control tests. However, the results indicated some differences between the frequently and infrequently failed tires in terms of some physical properties and the percentage of failed tires during field use.

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Section: Laboratory Testsupporting

confidence: 85%

Evaluation of Passenger Car Tire Failure in Saudi Arabia

Ratrout

2011

Arab J Sci Eng

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“…The tires include 3 SUV/minivan tires with different field aging rates, a large car tire and a small car tire. 32,[37][38][39] Four different tire manufacturers were represented. The small car tire (evaluated by NHTSA and the ASTM) was represented by the manufacturer to have remained consistent over this time period.…”

Section: Correlation Of Oven and Field Aging And Determination Of Accmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Oxidation and Tire Aging - A Review

Baldwin

Bauer

2008

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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While a new tire may have excellent resistance to crack initiation and propagation between the steel belts, an aged tire of the exact same construction can exhibit dramatically reduced crack growth resistance, which in some cases may contribute to tire failure. This article will review the research that has gone into quantifying the rate of oxidation the steel belt rubber oxidizes in different climates from tire samples retrieved from consumers' vehicles. The information obtained from the field is then compared to data collected from various resources attempting to develop accelerated tire aging protocols. Finally, methods for potentially improving tire aging are reviewed.

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“…The extent of ageingrelated changes is heavily dependent on temperature and other ageing conditions [2,4,11,21,22]. An increase in crosslink density occurs, for example, which is determined substantially by the material-dependent oxygen absorption capacity, rate of diffusion and oxygen permeability [14,17] as well as the temperature. In sulphur-cured elastomers, ageing processes are usually linked to a conversion of polysulphide sulphur bridges to mono-and disulphide sulphur bridges [11,14,19,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the Ageing of Elastomeric Materials

Oßwald

Reincke

Döhler

et al. 2017

International Polymer Science and Technology

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Rising raw materials prices and increasing customer demands for reliability and durability mean that there is huge interest in finding more and more ways of improving the service life of elastomeric products, for economic and environmental reasons, by boosting their resistance under the relevant operating conditions. The material-dependent oxygen absorption capacity and oxygen permeability play an important role in oxidative ageing processes and their modelling. Thus, ageing resistance is substantially dependent on the rate of oxygen diffusion into the bulk of the material in the case of thermo-oxidative attack. To evaluate the resistance of materials to external influences, artificial ageing methods are used in practice. The advantage of these methods is that, as a result of intensifying the test parameters, e.g. temperature and humidity, the ageing processes in the vulcanisate are accelerated. Within the scope of this study, the influence of accelerated ageing on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of mainly carbon-black-filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates was studied in an oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperature and in oxygen with solar radiation. The filler content was varied and the antioxidant IPPD was used. The analyses showed that, as well as mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength, the viscoelastic properties are also affected, depending on the ageing time and the type of ageing. In addition to the investigation of mechanical properties, a direct evaluation of the material change was carried out for selected samples by means of analytical tests. The investigations showed the deterioration of the antioxidant activity.

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Rubber aging in tires. Part 1: Field results

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of Passenger Car Tire Failure in Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of Passenger Car Tire Failure in Saudi Arabia

Rubber Oxidation and Tire Aging - A Review

Aspects of the Ageing of Elastomeric Materials

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