Rubber adhesion and the dwell time effect

Roberts, Alan D.; Othman, Alias

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(77)90173-9

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Many authors220233738 have reported that that the static friction coefficient of rubber depends on the initial dwell time and the rate of starting, which is definitively consistent with our results. Here, this effect is even stronger under lubricated conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The μ s is known to be sensitive to the dwell time before the actual movement2021222324, which is very likely from the increasing real contact area as a function of the contact time. The effect of the dwell time on the static friction was studied in the linear friction tester by loading the rubber sample against a dry or wet glass surface with a force of 400 N for different dwell times ranging from 2 to 600 s. Figure 4 confirms that the dwell time substantially influenced the static friction force on dry glass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions

Tuononen

2016

Sci Rep

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Rubber friction is critical in many applications ranging from automotive tyres to cylinder seals. The process where a static rubber sample transitions to frictional sliding is particularly poorly understood. The experimental and simulation results in this paper show a completely different detachment process from the static situation to sliding motion under dry and lubricated conditions. The results underline the contribution of the rubber bulk properties to the static friction force. In fact, simple Amontons’ law is sufficient as a local friction law to produce the correct detachment pattern when the rubber material and loading conditions are modelled properly. Simulations show that micro-sliding due to vertical loading can release initial shear stresses and lead to a high static/dynamic friction coefficient ratio, as observed in the measurements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions

Tuononen

2016

Sci Rep

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In this method, a semispherical object is brought into contact with another flat or a semispherical object under controlled loads. If one of the contacting materials is deformable and if their surfaces are smooth, then deformation occurs in the zone of contact, the magnitude of which depends on the work of adhesion between surfaces and any external loads applied on them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive contact of cylindrical lens and a flat sheet

Chaudhury

Weaver

Hui

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physics

201

144

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Methods are developed to estimate the adhesion and surface free energies of compliant materials from the contact deformations of cylindrical lenses with flat sheets. Some important differences are found between the cylindrical contact studied here and the widely studied geometry of spherical contact. For example, while the pull-off force is completely independent of the elastic constants (K) of the materials for spherical contacts, the pull-off force for cylindrical contact is proportional to K 1/3 . Furthermore, for cylindrical contacts the contact width at separation reaches to a value of 39% of the width ͑a 0 ͒ at zero load, whereas the corresponding value is 0.63a 0 for spherical contact. The feasibility of using cylindrical contacts to estimate the surface and adhesive energies of polymers was investigated using elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane ͑PDMS͒ as a model system. PDMS was used in two ways: ͑1͒ unmodified and ͑2͒ with its surface hydrolyzed with dilute hydrochloric acid. Significant hysteresis of adhesion was observed with the hydrolyzed PDMS surfaces due to H-bonding interactions, which appeared to depend on normal stress.

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“…It appeared that the sulfur particles had been pushed back into the bulk rubber, restructuring the surface. This is an example of the dwell-time effect, in which adhesion increases with contact time [49,50].…”

Section: Adhesive Drag and Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broken lines show the increase in adhesive hysteresis when the rubber was less cross-linked. 308 hysteresis could be amplified by viscoelastic losses away from the interface [48][49][50][51]. An example of a near perfect elastic system based on silastomer has now come to light.…”

Section: Adhesive Drag and Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion and composites

Kendall

1996

Composite Interfaces

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Abstract_Adhesion is vital to composites because cracks are stopped at adhesive interfaces, deflected along them, or converted into interfacial dislocations. Failure is therefore dominated by the adhesion between the components of the composite. This paper describes new ideas about adhesion and considers the relevance of these ideas to composite materials. In particular it emphasises the difference between adhesion at the molecular level and adhesion in engineering terms. There is no doubt that molecules of solid materials are attracted to each other by van der Waals and other influences. Also, they can be separated by applying mechanical forces. The problem is explaining the connection, i.e. the mechanism, between molecular attractions and mechanical measurements. Ideas such as 'keying', 'glueing' and 'friction' require critical assessment because they operate differently at the molecular scale. Interesting mechanisms such as 'adhesive hysteresis', 'adhesive stringing', and 'adhesive aggregation' deserve evaluation. A rational theory of these and other interface phenomena should be based on the theoretical concept of reversible work of adhesion. However, it is necessary to distinguish this thermodynamic work of adhesion from the measured quantity of adhesive energy, which includes the extra energy required to restructure the interface as surfaces move.

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Rubber adhesion and the dwell time effect

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions

Onset of frictional sliding of rubber–glass contact under dry and lubricated conditions

Adhesive contact of cylindrical lens and a flat sheet

Adhesion and composites

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