Ru–W modified graphitic carbon nitride by a monomer complexation synthesis approach from a tailored polyoxometalate: towards electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide released by cells

Abstract

Detection of hydrogen peroxide from cell cultures is important for monitoring different diseases. Here, g-C3N4 (gCN) was incorporated into well-defined clusters of RuW (RuW-gCN) through monomer complexation of Ru-substituted phosphotungstate...

A tailored polyoxometalate-derived RuW/g-C3N4-based electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

“…53,54 The presence of a Keggin unit in PW 11 Ru–Mel was confirmed by the sharp peaks in the region 6° and 9° as well as broad peaks in the 25–30° region. 43…”

“…RuW/g-C 3 N 4 was synthesized with slight modification in the reported procedure. 43 0.3 g of PW 11 Ru was dissolved in the minimum quantity of water and 0.5 g of melamine was added to it and dispersed thoroughly by stirring at 50 1C for 2 h. The final product was washed by centrifugation (5000 rpm; 5 min) with water and dried at 80 1C to obtain a complex of PW 11 Ru and melamine (PW 11 Ru-Mel). The obtained PW 11 Ru-Mel was calcined in a tube furnace at 650 1C (with a ramp rate of 2 1C min À1 ) for 5 h under an inert atmosphere to obtain RuW/g-C 3 N 4 .…”

“…53,54 The presence of a Keggin unit in PW 11 Ru-Mel was confirmed by the sharp peaks in the region 61 and 91 as well as broad peaks in the 25-301 region. 43 The broadness of the peak suggests the loss of crystallinity of the Keggin structure after the complexation between PW 11 Ru and the melamine monomer. On calcination of PW 11 Ru-Mel, the formed RuW/g-C 3 N 4 was expected to exhibit a decrease in the number of peaks due to the partial breakdown of the Keggin unit to the corresponding oxide.…”

Single-Atom Ru Biomimetic Nanozyme for the Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The limit of detection (LOD) is found to be 0.063 μM based on a three-standard deviation (3σ) criterion. The electrochemical H 2 O 2 detection overpotential of Ru SA/GFs (−0.30 V) is not only lower than those of some Ru-based electrodes, such as Ru/NC-800 (−0.55 V), 49 RuW-gCN (−0.4 V), 50 and RuO x /RF (−0.41 V) 51 but also lower than some single-atom catalysts, such as Pt 1 _rGO@PIL (−0.75 V) 30 and Co−N−C/ rGA (−0.5 V). 52 To explore the practical utility of Ru SA/GFs electrochemical sensors, a series of experiments were conducted.…”

Nanostructured Polyoxometalate-Based Heterogeneous Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of Glucose

“…It should be noted that one of the new orientations in the development of POM-based materials is the use of the electrochemical ability of POMs to construct electrochemical sensors. Therefore, a new exploration tendency has been established with remarkable abilities like high sensitivity, selectivity, and low limit of detection of glucose sensor applications obtained by using POM-based electrode materials. − The first use of POMs with the ability for glucose sensing was reported by Turdean et al They designed and developed an amperometric glucose sensor based on trilacunary Keggin-type POM deposited on a graphite electrode . In addition, Xu et al reported a novel nonenzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor based on Cu NPs and PMo 12 -functionalized graphene.…”