Ru-decorated N-doped carbon nanoflakes for selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone and quinoline to tetrahydroquinoline with HCOOH in water

A CoPd nanoalloy embedded N-doped porous carbon catalyst for the selective reduction and reductive amination of levulinic acid using formic acid in water

“…2f). 23 Similar deconvoluted N 1s spectra with notable peak shifting were obtained for Co@N-C and Pd@N-C (Fig. S4c and d†).…”

“…Ru and other noble metal-based catalysts have recently been extensively used for formic acid-mediated LA transfer hydrogenation to GVL. [22][23][24] FA dissociates into H 2 + CO 2 over the active sites of the catalyst and hydrogenates the ketogroup of LA, which requires a suitable metallic site for effective dissociation. 25 Similarly, LA can be efficiently converted to pyrrolidone with amine via a reductive amination reaction.…”

Thermocatalytic and photocatalytic chemoselective reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol and hydrocinnamaldehyde over Ru@ZnO/CN

“…75,76 The adsorption and activation of FA were achieved by combining basic CN and Ru NPs, which preferentially dissociate FA into H 2 + CO 2 in water through the metal-formato complex. 21,22 The generated H 2 was dissociatively adsorbed on the Ru NPs resulting in the formation of Ru-H. 26 The Ru adsorbed H was transferred to the C]O of CAL to yield COL as the selective product. A schematic presentation for the thermo-catalytic plausible reaction mechanism for FA-assisted CAL hydrogenation to COL is provided in Scheme 3.…”

“…24 We have recently developed metal-free and metal-based catalysts for utilizing formic acid as an H 2 and formylation source to form selective products. [25][26][27][28] In addition to the catalyst design, the solvent governs the activity and product selectivity. Water is preferable in developing sustainable catalytic protocols.…”

Photocatalytic selective conversion of furfural to γ-butyrolactone through tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol intermediates over Pd NP decorated g-C3N4

“…Among them, furanic compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and FAL are the most explored biomass derivatives for the formation of value-added derivatives via reductive routes, such as furfuryl alcohol (FOL), 2,5-di-formyl furan (DFF), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), 2-methyl furan, tetrahydrofuran, etc. [13][14][15][16][17] They are also upgraded to diformyl furan, furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), etc., via oxidative routes. The current decade has witnessed tremendous research on conventional thermocatalytic FAL valorization to valuable chemicals and fuels.…”