RT-PCR, nucleotide, amino acid and phylogenetic analyses of enterovirus type 71 strains from Asia

Singh, Sunita; Chow, Vincent T. K.; Chan, KP; Ling, Ai Ee; Poh, Chit Laa

doi:10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00185-3

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since 1997, HEV71 outbreaks have occurred in Sarawak (6,7), the Malaysian Peninsula (8), Taiwan (9), Singapore (25), and Australia (26). To account for this wave of HEV71 outbreaks in the region, we suspected the presence of a susceptible population as a plausible explanation; however, HEV71 had appeared previously in Singapore in 1984 (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Chan

Goh

Chong

et al. 2003

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

188

156

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Singapore experienced a large epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2000. After reviewing HFMD notifications from doctors and child-care centers, we found that the incidence of HFMD rose in September and declined at the end of October. During this period, 3,790 cases were reported. We performed enteroviral cultures on 311 and 157 specimens from 175 HFMD patients and 107 non-HFMD patients, respectively; human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) was the most frequently isolated virus from both groups. Most of the HFMD patients were <4 years of age. Three HFMD and two non-HFMD patients died. Specimens from two HFMD and both non-HFMD patients were culture positive for HEV71; a third HFMD patient was possibly associated with the virus. Autopsies performed on all three HFMD and one of the non-HFMD case-patients showed encephalitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and myocarditis. A preparedness plan for severe HFMD outbreaks provided for the prompt, coordinated actions needed to control the epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Chan

Goh

Chong

et al. 2003

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

188

156

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“…In that study, EV-71 and E-18 were also common types, represented by six and four isolates, respectively. The Lys 86 Glu substitution in the BC loop of the EV-71 isolates may be important for neutralization, since this residue is also expressed in EV-71 isolates from Asia, for which typing by neutralization had failed (Singh et al, 2000). Besides CV-A16 and EV-71, the typing of E-18 was also associated with difficulties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Nordér

Bjerregaard

Magnius

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

132

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The N-terminal part of VP1 was sequenced for 43 enterovirus isolates that could not initially be neutralized with LBM pools or in-house antisera. Most isolates were found to belong to human enterovirus type A (HEV-A) and HEV-B (18 isolates of each). All HEV-A isolates could be typed by sequencing, with CV (coxsackievirus)-A16 and EV (enterovirus)-71 being dominant (nine and seven isolates, respectively). These types thus seem to have diverged more from their prototypes than the other types. Among the HEV-B isolates, E-18 dominated with five isolates that became typable after filtration. The virus type obtained by molecular typing was verified for 28 of the other patient isolates by neutralization using high-titre monovalent antisera or LBM pools. Twenty-two of the other 30 'untypable' isolates had substitutions in the VP1 protein within or close to the BC loop. Two closely related HEV-B isolates diverged by 19?4 % from E-15, the most similar prototype. Two non-neutralizable HEV-C isolates split off from the CV-A13/CV-A18 branch, from which they diverged by 15?7-18?2 %. Three of the six non-neutralizable isolates, W553-130/99, W543-122/99 and W137-126/99, diverged by >24?2 % from the most similar prototype in the compared region. The complete VP1 was therefore sequenced and found to diverge by >29 % from all prototypes and by >28 % from each other. Strains similar to W553-130/99 that have been identified in the USA are tentatively designated EV-74. The two other isolates fulfil the molecular criterion for being new types. Since strains designated EV-75 and EV-76 have been identified in the USA, we have proposed the tentative designations EV-77 and EV-78 for these two new members of HEV-B.

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“…However, large HFMD epidemics with high mortality rates resurfaced 2 decades later, in Malaysia in 1997 (2,13,16,43) and Taiwan in 1998 (33,42). Following these outbreaks, the Asia-Pacific region has experienced more frequent large-scale EV-71-associated HFMD epidemics-most with a high incidence of neurotropic infections and significant case fatality rates-and the virus has attracted global attention (3,5,14,15,18,37,46,48,55,57,74,81,82). Intriguingly, almost all outbreaks reported in the AsiaPacific region during the last decade were caused by previously undefined EV-71 subgenogroups, raising questions about their origin, genetic complexity, and epidemiological behavior.…”

Section: Human Enterovirus 71 (Ev-71) Is One Of the Major Etiologic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Genetics of Human Enterovirus 71: Origin, Population Dynamics, Natural Selection, and Seasonal Periodicity of the VP1 Gene

Tee

Lam

Chan

et al. 2010

J Virol

202

195

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Human enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is one of the major etiologic causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among young children worldwide, with fatal instances of neurological complications becoming increasingly common. Global VP1 capsid sequences (n ‫؍‬ 628) sampled over 4 decades were collected and subjected to comprehensive evolutionary analysis using a suite of phylogenetic and population genetic methods. We

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RT-PCR, nucleotide, amino acid and phylogenetic analyses of enterovirus type 71 strains from Asia

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Evolutionary Genetics of Human Enterovirus 71: Origin, Population Dynamics, Natural Selection, and Seasonal Periodicity of the VP1 Gene

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