RT-PCR based diagnosis and molecular characterisation of mumps viruses derived from clinical specimens collected during the 1996 mumps outbreak in Portugal

Afzal, Muhammad; Buchanan, John M.; Dias, José Alberto Caram de Souza; Cordeiro, Marli Tenório; Bentley, Maureen; Shorrock, Claire; Minor, Philip D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199708)52:4<349::aid-jmv1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Afzal et al reported a similar observation from an investigation of an outbreak in Portugal in vaccinated individuals (1). Of the 31 urine samples evaluated by Afzal et al, only one was positive for MuV RNA (3%) (1).…”

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confidence: 63%

Characterization of Large Mumps Outbreak among Vaccinated Palestinian Refugees

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Characterization of Large Mumps Outbreak among Vaccinated Palestinian Refugees

et al. 2009

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“…Several MuV genotypes exhibit a differential geographical distribution. For instance, genotypes A, C, D, E, and H are mainly observed in the Western Hemisphere (1,2,13,34), whereas genotypes B, F, and I are solely detected in Asia (16,28,30,42). Some studies have reported the potential associations between genotypes C, D, H, I, or J and neuropathogenicity (28,35,36,38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mumps Viruses Circulating in Mongolia: Identification of a Novel Cluster of Genotype H

et al. 2011

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Although mumps virus is still causing annual epidemics in Mongolia, very few epidemiological and virological data have been reported. We describe here the first phylogenetic analysis data on the mumps viruses circulated in Mongolia in 2009. We detected 21 mumps virus cDNAs and obtained a virus isolate from 32 throat swabs of mumps patients in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. The phylogenetic analyses based on the 316 nucleotides of the small hydrophobic gene show that these sequences form a single cluster, with the closest relatedness to the viruses belonging to genotype H. According to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, Mongolian mumps viruses could be classified into a novel genotype because the divergence between new sequences and genotype H reference viruses is >5% (6.3 to 8.2%). However, additional analyses based on the fusion gene, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene, and the whole-genome indicate that the divergences between the Mongolian isolate and other genotype H strains never exceed the within-genotype divergences of other genotypes. These results suggest that Mongolia strains should be included in genotype H and that the current criteria for mumps virus genotyping should be revised. We propose here that the Mongolian viruses should be classified as a new subgenotype termed H3. Since previous epidemiological studies suggested that genotypes H may be associated with central nervous system diseases, we evaluated the neurovirulence of the Mongolian isolate in the neonatal rat system. However, the virus does not exhibit prominent neurovirulence in rats.

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“…Thus, mumps vaccination is part of the regular immunization schedule of many countries, usually along with the measles and rubella vaccination (i.e., the MMR vaccine) in a single formulation. However, in contrast to rubella and measles, secondary vaccine failure frequently allows MV circulation within highly immunized populations (1,5,8,24,36). The use of a poorly immunogenic genotype A strain called Rubini has been proposed as a cause of these major failures, although the occurrence of mumps in patients immunized with other vaccine strains has also been described (26).…”

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Circulation of Mumps Virus Genotypes in Spain from 1996 to 2007

et al. 2010

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Mumps is a highly transmissible but usually benign disease consisting of bilateral swelling of the salivary glands. In some instances, though, clinical complications can arise. Bilateral orchitis and clinical self-limited meningitis or more serious complications, such as encephalitis, deafness, male sexual sterility, and pancreatitis, may occur in rare cases (9).Mumps virus (MV), a virus belonging to the genus Rubulavirus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, is considered monotypic regarding its antigenicity. Thus, mumps vaccination is part of the regular immunization schedule of many countries, usually along with the measles and rubella vaccination (i.e., the MMR vaccine) in a single formulation. However, in contrast to rubella and measles, secondary vaccine failure frequently allows MV circulation within highly immunized populations (1,5,8,24,36). The use of a poorly immunogenic genotype A strain called Rubini has been proposed as a cause of these major failures, although the occurrence of mumps in patients immunized with other vaccine strains has also been described (26).Genetic variation in the small hydrophobic (SH) gene has led to the characterization of 12 genotypes, which are recognized by the WHO (13, 14, 23). Differential efficiency on cross neutralization among different genotypes has been suggested (20, 21), as have the differential capacities of certain strains to invade the neural system (25, 32). Finally, previous experience with the elimination programs for other preventable viral diseases, such as measles, rubella, and polio, suggest that genotyping would facilitate mumps surveillance (38), since the pattern of viral circulation can be traced. Consequently, molecular epidemiology studies have been performed around the world (2,7,10,11,12,15,17,18,23,31,32,33,34,35,41).Mumps vaccination was introduced in the Spanish national vaccination repertoire in 1981 as part of the triple viral vaccine (the MMR vaccine). As a result, the number of mumps cases fell from 286,887 in 1984 to 1,527 in 2004. However, the general descendant trend was interrupted by some peaks: in 1989 (from 48,393 in 1987 to 83,527 in 1989), 1996 (from 7,002 in 1995 to 14,411 in 1996), 2000 (from 2,857 in 1998 to 9,391 in 2000), and 2007 (from 1,527 in 2004 to 10,219 in 2007). Surprisingly, these peaks occurred despite a national vaccine coverage rate of over 95% of the population by 1999. As has been previously reported (29,30), the occurrence of vaccinated individuals with MV RNA present in their saliva and/or urine with viral IgG but not IgM in acute-phase serum was frequent, suggesting secondary vaccine failure. Although most secondary vaccine failures were associated with the use of at least one dose of the Rubini strain, cases of mumps in patients vaccinated with two doses of the Jerryl Lynn strain were also observed (29,30).In this report, we describe the MV genotypes circulating in Spain over the past 8 years. This represents the first series of data obtained for the national level. Interestingly, this series comprises three...

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RT-PCR based diagnosis and molecular characterisation of mumps viruses derived from clinical specimens collected during the 1996 mumps outbreak in Portugal

Cited by 59 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of Large Mumps Outbreak among Vaccinated Palestinian Refugees

Characterization of Large Mumps Outbreak among Vaccinated Palestinian Refugees

Characterization of Mumps Viruses Circulating in Mongolia: Identification of a Novel Cluster of Genotype H

Circulation of Mumps Virus Genotypes in Spain from 1996 to 2007

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