RQ-OSPTrans: A Semantic Classification Method Based on Transformer That Combines Overall Semantic Perception and “Repeated Questioning” Learning Mechanism

Abstract

The pre-trained language model based on Transformers possesses exceptional general text-understanding capabilities, empowering it to adeptly manage a variety of tasks. However, the topic classification ability of the pre-trained language model will be seriously affected in the face of long colloquial texts, expressions with similar semantics but completely different expressions, and text errors caused by partial speech recognition. We propose a long-text topic classification method called RQ-OSPTrans to effectively address these challenges. To this end, two parallel learning modules are proposed to learn long texts, namely, the repeat question module and the overall semantic perception module. The overall semantic perception module will conduct average pooling on the semantic embeddings produced by BERT, in addition to multi-layer perceptron learning. The repeat question module will learn the text-embedding matrix, extracting detailed clues for classification based on words as fundamental elements. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that RQ-OSPTrans can achieve a generalization performance of 98.5% on the Chinese dataset THUCNews. Moreover, RQ-OSPTrans can achieve state-of-the-art performance on the arXiv-10 dataset (84.4%) and has a comparable performance with other state-of-the-art pre-trained models on the AG’s News dataset. Finally, the results indicate that our method exhibits a superior performance compared with the baseline methods on small-scale domain-specific datasets by validating RQ-OSPTrans on a specific task scenario by using our custom-built dataset CCIPC.