rpoN, mmoR and mmoG, genes involved in regulating the expression of soluble methane monooxygenase in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

Stafford, Graham P.; Scanlan, Julie; McDonald, Ian R.; Murrell, J. Colin

doi:10.1099/mic.0.26060-0

Cited by 65 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…During growth at low copper/biomass ratios, MmoD protein represses expression of the pmo operon and also upregulates expression of the mmo operon, including that of mmoR and mmoG, which were shown previously to play key roles in regulating mmo expression (113). Further, MmoD is postulated to enhance expression of mb, which serves to amplify expression of the mmo operon.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, Murrell and colleagues showed at the molecular level that under growth with low concentrations of copper ions, expression of sMMO was initiated at a 54 promoter upstream of the sMMO gene cluster (mmoXYBZDC). Conversely, under high-copper growth conditions, expression of sMMO was repressed, and high levels of expression of the genes encoding pMMO (pmoCAB) allowed both M. trichosporium OB3b and M. capsulatus Bath to grow using pMMO (34,(111)(112)(113).…”

Section: The "Copper Switch" In Methanotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this model, although explaining the genetic basis for the copper switch in methanotrophs, does not explicitly consider the role of two genes known to play roles in the regulation of the mmo operon, i.e., mmoR and mmoG upstream of mmoX (113,191). Based on available data, it appears that mmoR and mmoG do not play a significant role in the copper switch; i.e., they do not appear to have any control over expression of the pmo operon.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation

DiSpirito

Semrau

Murrell

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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128

157

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SUMMARYMethanobactins (mbs) are low-molecular-mass (<1,200 Da) copper-binding peptides, or chalkophores, produced by many methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These molecules exhibit similarities to certain iron-binding siderophores but are expressed and secreted in response to copper limitation. Structurally, mbs are characterized by a pair of heterocyclic rings with associated thioamide groups that form the copper coordination site. One of the rings is always an oxazolone and the second ring an oxazolone, an imidazolone, or a pyrazinedione moiety. The mb molecule originates from a peptide precursor that undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications, including (i) ring formation, (ii) cleavage of a leader peptide sequence, and (iii) in some cases, addition of a sulfate group. Functionally, mbs represent the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system. Consistent with this role in copper acquisition, mbs have a high affinity for copper ions. Following binding, mbs rapidly reduce Cu2+to Cu1+. In addition to binding copper, mbs will bind most transition metals and near-transition metals and protect the host methanotroph as well as other bacteria from toxic metals. Several other physiological functions have been assigned to mbs, based primarily on their redox and metal-binding properties. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of this novel type of metal-binding peptide. We also explore its potential applications, how mbs may alter the bioavailability of multiple metals, and the many roles mbs may play in the physiology of methanotrophs.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The "Copper Switch" In Methanotrophsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation

DiSpirito

Semrau

Murrell

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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128

157

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“…pmoCAB are virtually identical and are transcribed from 70 type promoters found upstream of the pmoC gene (45,110).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Ecology Techniques for the Study of Aerobic Methanotrophs

McDonald

Bodrossy

Chen

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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345

252

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3Methane oxidation can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic environments; however, these are completely different processes involving different groups of prokaryotes. Aerobic methane oxidation is carried out by aerobic methanotrophs, and anaerobic methane oxidizers, discovered recently, thrive under anaerobic conditions and use sulfate or nitrate as electron donors for methane oxidation (11,104). This review will focus on the aerobic oxidation of methane.Aerobic methanotrophs are a unique group of methylotrophic bacteria that utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source (52). Based on their cell morphology, ultrastructure, phylogeny, and metabolic pathways, methanotrophs can be divided into two taxonomic groups: type I and type II. Type I methanotrophs include the genera Methylobacter, Methylomicrobium, Methylomonas, Methylocaldum, Methylosphaera, Methylothermus, Methylosarcina, Methylohalobius, Methylosoma, and Methylococcus, which belong to the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria (Fig. 1). The type II methanotrophs Methylocystis, Methylosinus, Methylocella, and Methylocapsa are in the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria (52) (Fig. 1). Recently, two filamentous methane oxidizers have been described, Crenothrix polyspora (113), which has a novel pmoA, and Clonothrix fusca (125), which has a conventional pmoA. Both are gammaproteobacteria and are closely related to the type I methanotrophs. Most extant methanotrophs are cultured at 20 to 45°C and neutral pH but have also recently been isolated from extreme environments (reviewed in reference 122).The first step in the oxidation of methane to CO 2 is the conversion of methane to methanol by the enzyme methane monooxygenase. There are two forms of this enzyme: a particulate membrane bound form (pMMO) and a soluble cytoplasmic form (sMMO). The pMMO has been reported in all methanotrophs except for the genus Methylocella (121), whereas the sMMO is present only in certain methanotroph strains (94). The pMMO is a membrane bound copper and iron containing enzyme (reviewed in reference 49). The structural genes for this enzyme have been cloned and sequenced from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath (107, 114), Methylocystis sp. strain M, and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (45). They lie in a three-gene operon, pmoCAB, which code for three integral membrane polypeptides of approximately 23, 27, and 45 kDa, respectively. These operons are present in duplicate copies in all three organisms. These duplicate copies of pmoCAB are virtually identical and are transcribed from 70 -type promoters found upstream of the pmoC gene (45, 110).The sMMO is a cytoplasmic enzyme containing a unique di-iron site at its catalytic center. It has a broad substrate range, including trichloroethylene, alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic compounds. The biochemistry of the sMMO has been studied in detail (reviewed in reference 75). It consists of three components: a hydroxylase, which is a dimer of three subunits, (␣␤␥) 2 ; a regulatory protein (protein B); and a reductase (protein C). It is e...

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“…All but one genus (Methylocella) of known metanotrophs produce the membrane-bound (or particulate) copper-containing methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and a few of them express also the iron-containing soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) [81][82][83]. In strains containing both pMMO and sMMO, Cu-containing monooxygenase is preferentially expressed and sMMO is only expressed under conditions of low copper availability [49,[81][82][83][84]. The reciprocal relationship between the differential expression of either sMMO or pMMO is commonly referred to as the "copper switch" mechanism whose processes are still unknown [84][85][86][87].…”

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confidence: 99%

Monooxygenases involved in the n-alkanes metabolism by Rhodococcus sp. BCP1: molecular characterization and expression of alkB gene

Cappelletti

Fedi

Honda

et al. 2010

Journal of Biotechnology

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Discussion 107 Summary 113Chapter 5 -Analysis of the alkB gene expression Summary 157Chapter 6 -Proteomic analysis of n-alkanes growth of Rhodococcus sp. BCP1 Chapter 1 -General Introduction PrefaceThe quality of life on Earth is tightly related with the overall quality of the environment [1]. During the last century it was commonly believed that the abundance of land and resources were unlimited and it was rarely acknowledged that the production, use, and disposal of hazardous substances had environmental and health effects [1][2][3]. Owing to this, human activity has deliberately or inadvertently released into waters and soil a variety of toxic compounds as refrigerants, paints, solvents, herbicides and pesticides that can cause considerable environmental pollution and human health problems as a result of their persistence, toxicity, and transformation into hazardous metabolites [4,5]. Very soon, however, it became clear how the carelessness and negligence in handling the industrial wastes and gas emissions had caused dramatic effect on the nature and on human health [1].Nowadays, the concern about the global warming and the climate changing induced the government regulatory agencies to establish procedures for assessing the environmental impact and health hazards of chemicals and for controlling/limiting their utilization.International efforts have been applied to remedy many contaminated sites all over the world, either as a response to the risk of adverse health or environmental effects caused by contamination or to enable the site to be redeveloped for use [5]. In response to public and government concern and because of the intriguing research problems presented, environmental scientists, biologists and chemists have been giving increased attention to identifying and determining the behavior and fate of organic compounds in natural ecosystems [5].Bioremediation procedures offer an economical and effective possibility to degrade or render innocuous toxic pollutants using natural biological activity [1]. By definition, bioremediation implies the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade the Since contaminant compounds are transformed by living organisms through reactions that take place as a part of their metabolic processes, environmental biotechnology focuses on the development of techniques to optimize environmental parameters to allow these metabolic pathways to proceed faster and, therefore, to improve the bio-degradation [1]. As a result, the removal of the contaminated soil can be necessary to let the biodegradation proceed in controlled sites (such as bioreactors). These ex situ approaches provide optimal conditions out one single step of the entire bio-degradation process. Hydrocarbons in the environmentHydrocarbons are energy-rich organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms and they can be saturated (only single C-H bounds) or unsaturated (one ore more double or triple C-H bounds). Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H 2n+2 ; they can b...

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rpoN, mmoR and mmoG, genes involved in regulating the expression of soluble methane monooxygenase in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

Cited by 65 publications

References 60 publications

Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation

Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation

Molecular Ecology Techniques for the Study of Aerobic Methanotrophs

Monooxygenases involved in the n-alkanes metabolism by Rhodococcus sp. BCP1: molecular characterization and expression of alkB gene

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