rpoE, the gene encoding the second heat-shock sigma factor, sigma E, in Escherichia coli.

Rouvière, Pierre E.; Peñas, Alejandro De Las; Mecsas, Joan; Lu, Chi Zen; Rudd, Kenneth E.; Gross, Carol A.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07084.x

Cited by 292 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…However, in most cases the modulation is mediated by different sensor-regulators that detect different range or intensity of stimuli. For example, in E. coli, where heat-shock response is primarily mediated by a heat-shock σ factor RpoH (σ 32 ), heat at 42°C increases the amount of RpoH to govern heat response, whereas extreme heat at around 50°C requires an additional heat shock factor RpoE (σ 24 ) (30)(31)(32). In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, responses to low and high levels of peroxide are modulated by Pap1 and Atf1, respectively (33).…”

Section: Graded Expression Of Metal-sensitive Genes In Accordance Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded expression of zinc-responsive genes through two regulatory zinc-binding sites in Zur

Shin

Jung

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

189

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Zinc is one of the essential transition metals in cells. Excess or lack of zinc is detrimental, and cells exploit highly sensitive zinc-binding regulators to achieve homeostasis. In this article, we present a crystal structure of active Zur from Streptomyces coelicolor with three zinc-binding sites (C-, M-, and D-sites). Mutations of the three sites differentially affected sporulation and transcription of target genes, such that C- and M-site mutations inhibited sporulation and derepressed all target genes examined, whereas D-site mutations did not affect sporulation and derepressed only a sensitive gene. Biochemical and spectroscopic analyses of representative metal site mutants revealed that the C-site serves a structural role, whereas the M- and D-sites regulate DNA-binding activity as an on-off switch and a fine-tuner, respectively. Consistent with differential effect of mutations on target genes, zinc chelation by TPEN derepressed some genes ( znuA, rpmF2 ) more sensitively than others ( rpmG2 , SCO7682) in vivo. Similar pattern of TPEN-sensitivity was observed for Zur-DNA complexes formed on different promoters in vitro. The sensitive promoters bound Zur with lower affinity than the less sensitive ones. EDTA-treated apo-Zur gained its DNA binding activity at different concentrations of added zinc for the two promoter groups, corresponding to free zinc concentrations of 4.5 × 10 −16 M and 7.9 × 10 −16 M for the less sensitive and sensitive promoters, respectively. The graded expression of target genes is a clever outcome of subtly modulating Zur-DNA binding affinities in response to zinc availability. It enables bacteria to detect metal depletion with improved sensitivity and optimize gene-expression pattern.

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Section: Graded Expression Of Metal-sensitive Genes In Accordance Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded expression of zinc-responsive genes through two regulatory zinc-binding sites in Zur

Shin

Jung

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

189

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“…These include the heat-shock factor RpoH and stationary-phase protein RpoS of Escherichia coli (Morita et al, 1999;Weber et al, 2005), the general stress-response protein SigB of Bacillus subtilis (Peterson et al, 2001;Price et al, 2001;Price, 2002) and ECF (extracytoplasmic function) sigmas such as SigE of Streptomyces coelicolor, RpoE of E. coli and SigW of B. subtilis (Lonetto et al, 1994;Raina et al, 1995;Rouviere et al, 1995;De La Penas et al, 1997;Wiegert et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory role of RsgI in sigI expression in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2007

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The sigma gene, sigI, of Bacillus subtilis belongs to the group IV heat-shock response genes and has many orthologues in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes. The B. subtilis sigI gene is considered to constitute an operon with rsgI (regulation of sigI, formerly ykrI). As little is known about either the structure and function of the sigI-rsgI operon or the SigI regulons, the role of RsgI in heat-inducible transcription of the sigI-rsgI operon was investigated, using Northern analysis and a heat-stable b-galactosidase reporter assay. Heat-inducible, SigI-dependent transcription of the sigI-rsgI operon was stimulated greatly by disrupting rsgI. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed direct interaction between the N-terminal portion of the presumed RsgI protein and SigI. Without RsgI function, induction of transcription of the sigI-rsgI operon upon transient heat stress depended on dnaK activity. However, transcription of the operon was induced during growth at prolonged higher temperature even without DnaK function. Without RsgI function, sigI-rsgI operon transcription was induced after the end of growth independent of any temperature shift in a sporulation medium and toward the end of growth in a rich complex medium. Furthermore, glucose addition resulted in a strong suppression of sigI-rsgI transcription. Therefore it is hypothesized that transcription of the sigI-rsgI operon of B. subtilis is negatively regulated by the putative transmembrane protein RsgI, which moderates SigI's sensitivity to heat shock or nutritional stress.

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“…1) (3,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). There is an intricate link between the LPS assembly, its non-stoichiometric modifications, and the RpoE-mediated control exerted via its regulon members (17,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Transcriptional Factors Regulate Transcription of the rpoE Gene in Escherichia coli under Different Growth Conditions and When the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Is Defective

Klein

Stupak

Biernacka

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

106

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The RpoE factor is essential for the viability of Escherichia coli. RpoE regulates extracytoplasmic functions including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and some of its non-stoichiometric modifications. Transcription of the rpoE gene is positively autoregulated by E E and by unknown mechanisms that control the expression of its distally located promoter(s). Mapping of 5 ends of rpoE mRNA identified five new transcriptional initiation sites (P1 to P5) located distal to E E -regulated promoter. These promoters are activated in response to unique signals. Of these P2, P3, and P4 defined major promoters, recognized by RpoN, RpoD, and RpoS factors, respectively. Isolation of trans-acting factors, in vitro transcriptional and gel retardation assays revealed that the RpoN-recognized P2 promoter is positively regulated by a QseE/F two-component system and NtrC activator, whereas the RpoD-regulated P3 promoter is positively regulated by a Rcs system in response to defects in LPS core biosynthesis, overproduction of certain lipoproteins, and the global regulator CRP. Strains synthesizing Kdo 2 -LA LPS caused up to 7-fold increase in the rpoEP3 activity, which was abrogated in ⌬(waaC rcsB). Overexpression of a novel 73-nucleotide sRNA rirA (RfaH interacting RNA) generated by the processing of 5 UTR of the waaQ mRNA induces the rpoEP3 promoter activity concomitant with a decrease in LPS content and defects in the O-antigen incorporation. In the presence of RNA polymerase, RirA binds LPS regulator RfaH known to prevent premature transcriptional termination of waaQ and rfb operons. RirA in excess could titrate out RfaH causing LPS defects and the activation of rpoE transcription.The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, contains two distinct membranes, an inner (IM) 3 and an outer (OM) membrane separated by the periplasm, a hydrophilic compartment that includes a layer of peptidoglycan. The OM is an asymmetric lipid bilayer with phospholipids forming the inner leaflet and LPS forming the outer leaflet. LPSs are highly heterogeneous in composition. However, they share a common architecture composed of a membrane-anchored phosphorylated and acylated ␤(136)-linked GlcN disaccharide, termed lipid A, to which a carbohydrate moiety of varying size is attached (1, 2).During the analyses of signals that induce the RpoE-dependent extracytoplasmic stress response, we showed that strains synthesizing heptoseless LPS due to the absence of either GmhD (RfaD/HtrM) or WaaC exhibited a constitutive induction of RpoE (3-6). Such strains also display constitutive synthesis of exopolysaccharide that is regulated by the Rcs twocomponent system (5,7,8). Subsequently, we showed that strains synthesizing the minimal LPS structure composed of either Kdo 2 -lipid IV A or only free lipid IV A exhibited hyperelevated levels of the RpoE activity (6). The activity of RpoE is highly induced when the LPS assembly is severely compromised or when there is an imbalance between LPS and phospholipids (9). Lack of many LPS co...

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rpoE, the gene encoding the second heat-shock sigma factor, sigma E, in Escherichia coli.

Cited by 292 publications

References 58 publications

Graded expression of zinc-responsive genes through two regulatory zinc-binding sites in Zur

Graded expression of zinc-responsive genes through two regulatory zinc-binding sites in Zur

Regulatory role of RsgI in sigI expression in Bacillus subtilis

Multiple Transcriptional Factors Regulate Transcription of the rpoE Gene in Escherichia coli under Different Growth Conditions and When the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Is Defective

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