RP-HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric Analysis of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Derivative, Fourier, and Wavelet Transforms: A Comparison Study

Abstract

Different signal-transforming algorithms were applied for UV spectrophotometric analysis of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and caffeine in ternary mixtures. Phosphate buffer pH 7.2 was used as the spectrophotometric solvent. Severe overlapping spectra could be resolved into individual bands in the range of wavelengths 200–300 nm by using Savitzky–Golay smoothing and differentiation, trigonometric Fourier series, and mother wavelet functions (i.e., sym6, haar, coif3, and mexh). To optimize spectral recoveries, the concentration of various types of divisors (single, double, and successive) was tested. The developed spectrophotometric methods showed linearity over the ranges 20–40 mg/L for paracetamol, 12–32 mg/L for ibuprofen, and 1–3.5 mg/L for caffeine (R2 > 0.990). They could be successfully applied to the assay and dissolution test of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and caffeine in their combined tablets and capsules, with accuracy (99.1–101.5% recovery) and precision (RSD < 2%). For comparison, an isocratic RP-HPLC analysis was also developed and validated on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB–C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at an ambient temperature. A mixture of methanol : phosphate buffer 0.01 M pH 3 (30 : 70 v/v) was used as the mobile phase delivered at 2 mL/min, and the effluent was monitored at 225 nm. It was shown that spectrophotometric data were statistically comparable to HPLC p>0.05, suggesting possible interchange between UV spectrophotometric and HPLC methods for routine analysis of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and caffeine in their solid pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Effect of the Histone Methyltransferase Specific Probe BRD4770 on Metabolic Profiling of the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe longicolla

“…In RP-HPLC, the RT of the standard solution of berberine (RT-10.100) ( Figure 5C ), caffeine (RT-3.374), and theobromine (RT-6.451) ( Figure 5D ) was found, showing absorption maxima at 346.5 nm ( Figure 6A ; Chan et al, 2007 ), 259.4 nm ( Vu et al, 2020 ; Figure 6C ), and 278.4 nm ( Caudle et al, 2001 ; Figure 6E ), respectively. According to several literatures, the above compounds show similar absorption spectra at a given wavelength.…”

Simultaneous Ratio Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol, Caffeine and Ibuprofen in Their Ternary Form

“…High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods (HPLC) [28][29][30][31] , and different electrochemical methods either for each one alone or combined together [32][33][34][35] were used too in the estimation of the three compounds in the same form.…”

Rapid and Simple Determination of Ibuprofen and Caffeine in Fixed-Dose Combination Formulations: Application to Dissolution Studies

“…Several authors have studied the simultaneous determination of CAF combined with some NSAIDs in pharmaceutical formulations [20,21]. The quantification of the ternary mixture of acetaminophen (ACE), IBU, and CAF in solid dosage forms using analytical methods as UV and HPLC [22,23] as well as voltammetric determination [24] have been previously described. Specifically, for IBU/CAF mixture, analytical methods with gas chromatography in pharmaceutical dosage forms [25], Raman spectroscopy in water samples [26] and fluorescence in urine samples [27] were recently reported.…”