Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-Decenoic Acid, as a Modulator of the Innate Immune Responses

Abstract

Royal jelly is a food for queen and larvae honeybees. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA; "royal jelly acid") is the principal lipid component in royal jelly. Several pharmacological activities of 10H2DA have been reported: anti-tumor, anti-biotic, immunomodulatory, estrogenic and neurogenic. We recently revealed an inhibitory effect of 10H2DA in innate immune signals. Despite appreciable advances in studies on innate immune signals after the identification of Toll-like receptors as innate immune receptors, few studies have reported the effect of 10H2DA on innate immune signals. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the evaluation of the biological activities of 10H2DA (especially immunomodulatory activities). We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underpinning these biological activities, which could lead to new therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune disorders.

Royal Jelly and Human Interferon-Alpha (HuIFN-αN3) Affect Proliferation, Glutathione Level, and Lipid Peroxidation in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro

“…During this time, she is able to spawn daily an equivalent of her body weight in eggs (approximately 2000-3000 eggs/day for up to 5 years) [1,2]. Chemically, RJ is composed by water (50-60%), different proteins (18.0%), carbohydrates (15.0%), lipids (3-6%), mineral salts (1.5%), and vitamins, together with bioactive substances, such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic (10-HDA) acid [3]. 10-HDA exerts an inhibitory effect on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in cellular models of tumor growth, partly by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration [4].…”

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of medium chain fatty acids after oral administration of royal jelly to healthy subjects

“…The two major unique fatty acids in RJ are trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and 10hydroxydecanoic acid (10HDAA) which comprise 60-80% of RJ lipids. 13 Moreover, the characterizations of fatty acids composition in RJ have been determined as a set of C8, C10, and C12 fatty acids. 14 Several pharmacological activities of 10H2DA and 10HDAA have been reported in animal experiments [15][16][17][18][19] and these fatty acids are expected to play an important role in the pharmacological activities of RJ.…”

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 10‐hydroxydecenoic acid contained in an emollient cream

“…765‐01‐5) is a hydroxy fatty acid that is also called “royal jelly acid.” It is indeed the dominant (10% of the dry mass) and quite specific lipid component present in royal jelly (a substance secreted by the pharyngeal glands of honeybees), from which it was extracted for the first time in 1940 by Townsend and Lucas . Several biological and pharmacological properties of 10H2DA have been reported, including antitumour, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, pro‐oestrogenic and proneurogenic activities …”