Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Villalba, Luis Javier García; Orozco, Ana Lucila Sandoval; Cabrera, Alicia Triviño; Abbas, Cláudia J. Barenco

doi:10.3390/s91108399

Cited by 173 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The main task of a wireless sensor node is to sense and collect data from a certain area, process these data and transmit them to a sink node, where further processing of the collected data can be performed [8]. Sensor nodes are small-scale and cost effective devices with limited capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Sensor Platform Matching the Improved Version of IPMVP Option C for Measuring Energy Savings

Tseng

Lee

Lin

et al. 2013

Sensors

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It is easy to measure energy consumption with a power meter. However, energy savings cannot be directly computed by the powers measured using existing power meter technologies, since the power consumption only reflects parts of the real energy flows. The International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) was proposed by the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO) to quantify energy savings using four different methodologies of A, B, C and D. Although energy savings can be estimated following the IPMVP, there are limitations on its practical implementation. Moreover, the data processing methods of the four IPMVP alternatives use multiple sensors (thermometer, hygrometer, Occupant information) and power meter readings to simulate all facilities, in order to determine an energy usage benchmark and the energy savings. This study proposes a simple sensor platform to measure energy savings. Using usually the Electronic Product Code (EPC) global standard, an architecture framework for an information system is constructed that integrates sensors data, power meter readings and occupancy conditions. The proposed sensor platform is used to monitor a building with a newly built vertical garden system (VGS). A VGS shields solar radiation and saves on energy that would be expended on air-conditioning. With this platform, the amount of energy saved in the whole facility is measured and reported in real-time. The data are compared with those obtained from detailed measurement and verification (M&V) processes. The discrepancy is less than 1.565%. Using measurements from the proposed sensor platform, the energy savings for the entire facility are quantified, with a resolution of ±1.2%. The VGS gives an 8.483% daily electricity saving for the building. Thus, the results show that the simple sensor platform proposed by this study is more widely applicable than the four complicated IPMVP alternatives and the VGS is an effective tool in reducing the carbon footprint of a building.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Sensor Platform Matching the Improved Version of IPMVP Option C for Measuring Energy Savings

Tseng

Lee

Lin

et al. 2013

Sensors

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“…LEACH is one of the most popular self-organizing and clustering algorithms [13] [16]. In each round of LEACH algorithm, some nodes are selected as new CHs, randomly.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fault-tolerant and energy-aware mechanism for cluster-based routing algorithm of WSNs

Hezaveh

Shirmohammdi

Rohbani

et al. 2015

2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM)

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are prone to faults due to battery depletion of nodes. A node failure can disturb routing as it plays a key role in transferring sensed data to the end users. This paper presents a Fault-Tolerant and Energy-Aware Mechanism (FTEAM), which prolongs the lifetime of WSNs. This mechanism can be applied to clusterbased WSN protocols. The main idea behind the FTEAM is to identify overlapped nodes and configure the most powerful ones to the sleep mode to save their energy for the purpose of replacing a failed Cluster Head (CH) with them. FTEAM not only provides fault tolerant sensor nodes, but also tackles the problem of emerging dead area in the network. Our experimental results and simulations show that FTEAM outperforms conventional protocols in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption. In addition, an analytical evaluation using the Markov model is performed to determine the reliability of the FTEAM.

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“…LEACH and PEGASIS are examples of the pioneer routing protocols that are developed specifically for WSNs. A comprehensive survey of routing protocols for WSNs can be found in . Source‐initiated protocols are argued to be more suitable to the dynamic nature of WSNs as compared with table driven protocols.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energy‐efficient and security aware route selection protocol for wireless sensor networks

Hayajneh

Doomun

Almashaqbeh

et al. 2013

Security Comm Networks

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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor devices have limited supply of energy. The sensor death due to dissipating battery energy is one of the fundamental design issues in WSNs. Hence, energy efficiency is argued to be the most important requirement for any protocol designed for WSNs. With sensors acting as routers to transport the packets from a source to a destination sensor, multipath protocols are used to discover multiple paths with the objective to improve the reliability, efficiency, and security in WSNs. Selecting the path that minimizes the rate of sensors death and extends the lifetime of the network is the main challenge for multipath protocols. In this paper, we propose a new energy and security aware route selection (ESARS) protocol for WSNs. The first part of ESARS selects a route that maximizes the network lifetime based on a novel metric. The second part of ESARS finds the optimal security level for the selected path based on the estimated security risk of the path. Traditionally, these two parts are addressed separately in the literature, and this paper combines the two parts in one protocol. The proposed protocol is evaluated and compared with other protocols using both analytical analysis and extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed protocol not only achieves its main objective to extend the network lifetime by significantly reducing the sensors death rate but also uses the most optimal security level for the selected route. Moreover, in ESARS protocol, several threshold parameters were employed to provide flexibility per the needs of the application in which the sensors are used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 173 publications

References 28 publications

A Novel Sensor Platform Matching the Improved Version of IPMVP Option C for Measuring Energy Savings

A Novel Sensor Platform Matching the Improved Version of IPMVP Option C for Measuring Energy Savings

A fault-tolerant and energy-aware mechanism for cluster-based routing algorithm of WSNs

An energy‐efficient and security aware route selection protocol for wireless sensor networks

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