Routing protocol enhancement for handling node mobility in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

In wireless sensor networks, the routing algorithms currently available assume that the sensor nodes are stationary. Therefore when mobility modulation is applied to the wireless sensor networks, most of the current routing algorithms suffer from performance degradation. The path breaks in mobile wireless networks are due to the movement of mobile nodes, node failure, channel fading and shadowing. It is desirable to deal with dynamic topology changes with optimal effort in terms of resource and channel utilization. As the nodes in wireless sensor medium make use of wireless broadcast to communicate, it is possible to make use of neighboring node information to recover from path failure. Cooperation among the neighboring nodes plays an important role in the context of routing among the mobile nodes. This paper proposes an enhancement to an existing protocol for accommodating node mobility through neighboring node information while keeping the utilization of resources to a minimum.

MMSCM: A multiple mobile sinks coverage maximization based hierarchical routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks

“…Furthermore, it uses a fixed TDMA time slot table, even if cluster members have left the cluster. The LEACH‐ME [14] is an enhancement of the LEACH‐Mobile. It considers the mobility factor (MF) when electing a CH, and the node with the bottommost MF becomes the CH.…”

“…In contrast, in scenarios where the sensor node or sink can move, the transmission distance can be significantly reduced, resulting in balanced node energy consumption and a more extended network life span. In terms of structure, the current MWSNs protocol model can be divided into networks where only SNs move [13,14,28], static sensor networks configured with the mobile sink [17,23], and network models that support both SNs and sink movement [24,25].…”

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

“…LEACH-mobile assumes that cluster heads are stationary and therefore mobile cluster heads may cause some data loss. To overcome this issue, Kumar et al proposed an enhancement to the LEACH-mobile protocol [19] called LEACH-mobile-enhanced (LEACH-ME). LEACH-ME considers the mobility factor in the cluster heads' selection process.…”

Mobile routing algorithm with dynamic clustering for energy large‐scale wireless sensor networks

“…Thus, the mobile node confirms whether it can communicate with its CH by sending a message, which requests data transmission back within a time slot allocated in the time division multiple access (TDMA) schedule. Santhosh Kumar et al [11] proposed the LEACH‐M‐enhanced (LEACH‐ME), which minimises the disturbance of clusters caused by the movement of the CHs and makes sure as much as possible that they are in a group motion with the other cluster members. On the other hand, LEACH‐ME capitalises the cooperation between the neighbouring nodes to accommodate the mobile nodes while keeping the energy consumption low.…”