Routing and Spectrum Assignment Algorithm with Most Fragmented Path First in Elastic Optical Networks

Horota, Andre; Reis, Larissa; Figueiredo, Gustavo B.; Fonseca, Nelson Luís Saldanha da

doi:10.1109/tla.2016.7555285

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Contrary to EF, SE considers the sizes of all free segments, where a logarithmic function is applied for the inversion of each free segment size. Thus, SE favors creating a small number of large free segments instead of a large number of small segments [5,12,22,26,27].…”

Section: Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steps are repeated until all B-SCh for all candidate paths for demand d are evaluated. After that, if for particular request d it was possible to find the best SCh sch * (line 24), this request is realized using that SCh and total network fragmentation is updated (lines [25][26]. Otherwise, if the request cannot be allocated on any of the candidate paths, the request is blocked (line 28).…”

Section: Fragmentation-aware With Bordering Schs Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

Lechowicz

Tornatore

Włodarczyk

et al. 2020

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Spectrally/spatially-flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) are a promising solution to cope with future traffic requirements in optical backbone networks. SS-FONs exploit the spatial dimension to increase network capacity while preserving resource management flexibility, as they still operate within a flex-grid composed of small frequency slots (slices). Flex-grid allows realizing transmission using super-channels (SChs) that comprise a set of contiguous slots. In this paper, we focus on spectral SChs, i.e., a SCh realized only on one spatial mode on each fiber. In SS-FONs, setting up and tearing down multiple lightpath requests within flex-grid may result in spectrum fragmentation, and, in turn, blocking of requests. In this work, we investigate several fragmentation metrics in SS-FON. The problem of identifying appropriate metrics to measure fragmentation has been investigated in single-core elastic optical networks (EONs), but, to the best of our knowledge, there is lack of such investigation for SS-FONs. Therefore, we propose several fragmentation metrics for SS-FON. We introduce the concept of bordering super-channels (B-SChs), i.e., SChs whose spectrum is allocated at the "border" of already allocated spectrum slots that are promising SChs to be chosen to minimize fragmentation. The investigation of all candidate B-SCh for a request allows us to find the one which minimizes network fragmentation, and, in turn spectrum waste. Hence, we propose a fragmentation-aware algorithm with bordering super-channels (FA-BSC) that assigns optical resources to dynamic requests utilizing information from the proposed fragmentation metrics and the set of candidate B-SChs. Experiments on a representative network topology show that the investigation of multiple B-SChs in the fragmentation-aware algorithm reduces the blocking probability when compared to the reference fragmentation-aware algorithms. Finally, we analyze the impact of a spatial continuity constraint on the network fragmentation.

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Section: Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fragmentation-aware With Bordering Schs Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

Lechowicz

Tornatore

Włodarczyk

et al. 2020

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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“…To account for the needs of escalating bandwidth demands, an OFDM based network technology is poised to replace the existing rigid WDM spectrum system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. This technological challenge has propelled the research community to develop a new paradigm in optical network technology, namely, Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) or Spectrum Sliced Elastic Optical Networks (SLICE) [3], or Flexi-Grid Dense WDM (FG-DWDM) Networks that uses OFDM as the underlying physical layer technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technological challenge has propelled the research community to develop a new paradigm in optical network technology, namely, Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) or Spectrum Sliced Elastic Optical Networks (SLICE) [3], or Flexi-Grid Dense WDM (FG-DWDM) Networks that uses OFDM as the underlying physical layer technology. There has been a substantial amount of work already performed on centralized and distributed resource allocation algorithms and signaling protocols designed for improving the performance in EONs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) based signaling protocols and their extensions are commonly utilized for this purpose [5,6,11,14] following the well-established practice of separating the control-plane and the data-plane in WDM optical networks [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks

Mathur

Sahin

Ucci

2019

Journal of Engineering

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Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.

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“…The most problematic issue in such approach is determining the best fragmentation metric whose minimization will ensure the smallest fragmentation growth in the network. The fragmentation metrics considered in the literature include the external fragmentation [4] metric (known from computer memory fragmentation issues), the Shannon entropy metric, the access blocking probability metric [2] and the others [1,9]. The original formulation of the fragmentation metric for a single link as well as for a multi-hop optical path was also proposed in the paper [6] where it was shown that the fragmentation-aware method overcomes, in most cases, the simple first-fit algorithms.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Fragmentation-Aware Strategies for Deadline-Driven Dynamic Multicast Scheduling Problem in EON

Markowski

2017

Image Processing &Amp; Communications

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Since the spectrum fragmentation is an important issue for the dynamic demands allocation in the Elastic Optical Networks, minimization of it improves the spectrum utilization and decreases the blocking probability. In the paper, the dynamic deadline-driven multicast routing and spectrum assignment problem in the elastic network is considered. Three spectrum fragmentation-aware algorithms were proposed and evaluated. Two of proposed algorithms use the well-known fragmentation metrics, while the third one utilizes a new original fragmentation increase estimator. The results of the experiments validating the quality of proposed methods and algorithms were reported and analyzed.

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Routing and Spectrum Assignment Algorithm with Most Fragmented Path First in Elastic Optical Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks

Spectrum Fragmentation-Aware Strategies for Deadline-Driven Dynamic Multicast Scheduling Problem in EON

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