Routine vaccinations during pregnancy: an update

Wilcox, Christopher R; Rowe, Rebecca; Mobley, Deborah; Willcox, Merlin; Jones, Christine E

doi:10.3399/bjgp20x708089

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, newborns can also be exposed to low concentrations of Hg, either as MeHg or EtHg, even before birth, since Hg can cross the placenta and can be readily bioavailable to be distributed to the newborn forming organs, including the developing brain. Gu et al detected that the average Hg level in cord blood from 2316 neonates from Wujiang, China was 2.02 µg/L [21], a concentration that could be used as reference value of fetal Hg exposure from maternal placenta. Fetuses are particularly at a higher risk compared to adults, on a dose/weigh basis, and are more susceptible to adverse effects from Hg, being that it is not possible to estimate a safe level of maternal Hg transfer via placenta [22].…”

Section: Exposure To Organic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials

Azevedo

Karpova

Rocha

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Although the molecular mechanisms underlying methylmercury toxicity are not entirely understood, the observed neurotoxicity in early-life is attributed to the covalent binding of methylmercury to sulfhydryl (thiol) groups of proteins and other molecules being able to affect protein post-translational modifications from numerous molecular pathways, such as glutamate signaling, heat-shock chaperones and the antioxidant glutaredoxin/glutathione system. However, for other organomercurials such as ethylmercury or thimerosal, there is not much information available. Therefore, this review critically discusses current knowledge about organomercurials neurotoxicity—both methylmercury and ethylmercury—following intrauterine and childhood exposure, as well as the prospects and future needs for research in this area. Contrasting with the amount of epidemiological evidence available for methylmercury, there are only a few in vivo studies reporting neurotoxic outcomes and mechanisms of toxicity for ethylmercury or thimerosal. There is also a lack of studies on mechanistic approaches to better investigate the pathways involved in the potential neurotoxicity caused by both organomercurials. More impactful follow-up studies, especially following intrauterine and childhood exposure to ethylmercury, are necessary. Childhood vaccination is critically important for controlling infectious diseases; however, the safety of mercury-containing thimerosal and, notably, its effectiveness as preservative in vaccines are still under debate regarding its potential dose-response effects to the central nervous system.

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Section: Exposure To Organic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials

Azevedo

Karpova

Rocha

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Current practice and attitudes towards vaccination during pregnancy: a survey of GPs across England

2020

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BackgroundAntenatal vaccines are commonly delivered in primary care, yet the views of GPs regarding these programmes have been neglected in research to date.AimTo establish the attitudes and current practice of GPs towards antenatal vaccination and their views on the optimal location for delivery of this service.Design and settingA multicentre online survey questionnaire.MethodA questionnaire was sent to GPs across England between December 2018 and January 2019.ResultsThe majority of 1586 responders considered antenatal vaccination safe (96% for influenza, 89% pertussis). GPs were significantly less confident in their knowledge of pertussis compared with influenza vaccination (64% versus 80% were confident, P<0.001), and many desired further education (59% versus 48%, P<0.001). Few (37%) discussed vaccination with pregnant women regularly, but most (80%) felt their recommendation would influence decision making. Those with greater confidence in their knowledge of pertussis and influenza vaccination, and who were >2 years since qualifying, discussed vaccination significantly more often (odds ratio [OR] 3.52, P<0.001; OR 2.34, P = 0.001; OR 1.76, P = 0.003, respectively), regardless of whether they routinely saw pregnant women. Most (83%) reported that antenatal vaccination was GP led in their region, yet only 26% thought it should be primarily GP based. GPs expressed disconnect from antenatal care, and many suggested that midwives and/or secondary care should take greater responsibility for the delivery of antenatal vaccination.ConclusionThere is support among GPs to embed vaccination programmes within routine antenatal care. Further educational resources, specifically designed for the needs of GPs, are needed to facilitate opportunistic discussion with pregnant women about vaccination.

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Routine vaccinations during pregnancy: an update

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials

Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials

Current practice and attitudes towards vaccination during pregnancy: a survey of GPs across England

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