Routine Vaccination Coverage — Worldwide, 2019

Chard, Anna N.; Gacic-Dobo, Marta; Diallo, Mamadou Saliou; Sodha, Samir V.; Wallace, Aaron S.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6945a7

Cited by 77 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Indicators of vaccination program performance based on the vaccination coverage with DTP1 and DTP3 vaccines have been considered in other studies [ 19 , 36 ]. Chard et al [ 19 ] defined the percentage of zero-dose children in 2019 as the percentage of children (aged one year) who had not received DTP1 vaccine, and defined the percentage of children who completed the three-dose DTP series in 2019 as the percentage of children (aged one year) who had received DTP3 vaccine. On the basis of these indicators, Chard et al determined that 13.8 million children worldwide were zero-dose children and that 19.7 million children did not complete the three-dose DTP series in 2019 [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chard et al [ 19 ] defined the percentage of zero-dose children in 2019 as the percentage of children (aged one year) who had not received DTP1 vaccine, and defined the percentage of children who completed the three-dose DTP series in 2019 as the percentage of children (aged one year) who had received DTP3 vaccine. On the basis of these indicators, Chard et al determined that 13.8 million children worldwide were zero-dose children and that 19.7 million children did not complete the three-dose DTP series in 2019 [ 19 ]. These numbers were obtained taking into account aggregated percentages of vaccination coverage of 90% for DTP1 vaccine and 85% for DTP3 vaccine [ 19 ].The aggregated percentages of DTP1 and DTP3 vaccination coverage in 2019 were slightly lower than the mean percentages of vaccination coverage obtained in the present study (93.2% for DTP1 vaccine and 88.7% for DTP3 vaccine), because the aggregated vaccination coverage takes into account the size of the target vaccination populations in different countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO–UNICEF global and regional immunization information system collects information about routine vaccination. Consequently, vaccines administered in mass vaccination campaigns are not collected by the WHO–UNICEF global and regional immunization information system [ 18 , 19 ]. The percentages of vaccination coverage reported by different countries were obtained by using administrative and survey-based data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indicator based on the vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccine has been determined in other studies [ 20 , 23 ]. Indicators based on the vaccination coverage with DTP1 and DTP3 vaccines were considered in other studies [ 19 ]. The indicator based on vaccination coverage with three doses of DTP vaccine has not been assessed in previous studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Plans-Rubió

2021

Vaccines

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In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Plans-Rubió

2021

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…India has a large number of unvaccinated and undervaccinated children. As of 2019, India is home to the world's second largest population of infants without the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine ( 10 ). Official country estimates show that over 90% of children have been administered Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, the third dose of polio vaccine, and the measles vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographics of Vaccine Hesitancy in Chandigarh, India

et al. 2021

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The impact of vaccine hesitancy on childhood immunization in low- and middle-income countries remains largely uncharacterized. This study describes the sociodemographic patterns of vaccine hesitancy in Chandigarh, India. Mothers of children <5 years old were sampled from a two-stage cluster, systematic sample based on Anganwadi child care centers in Chandigarh. Vaccine hesitancy was measured using a 10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, which was dichotomized. A multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between socioeconomic factors and vaccine hesitancy score. Among 305 mothers, >97% of mothers thought childhood vaccines were important, effective, and were a good way to protect against disease. However, many preferred their child to receive fewer co-administered vaccines (69%), and were concerned about side effects (39%). Compared to the “other caste” group, scheduled castes or scheduled tribes had 3.48 times greater odds of vaccine hesitancy (95% CI: 1.52, 7.99). Those with a high school education had 0.10 times the odds of vaccine hesitancy compared to those with less education (95% CI: 0.02, 0.61). Finally, those having more antenatal care visits were less vaccine hesitant (≥4 vs. <4 visits OR: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.76). As India adds more vaccines to its Universal Immunization Program, consideration should be given to addressing maternal concerns about vaccination, in particular about adverse events and co-administration of multiple vaccines.

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Scaffold Vaccines for Generating Robust and Tunable Antibody Responses

Najibi

Dellacherie

Shih

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Traditional bolus vaccines often fail to sustain robust adaptive immune responses, typically requiring multiple booster shots for optimal efficacy. Additionally, these provide few opportunities to control the resulting subclasses of antibodies produced, which can mediate effector functions relevant to distinct disease settings. Here, it is found that three scaffold-based vaccines, fabricated from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), mesoporous silica rods, and alginate cryogels, induce robust, long-term antibody responses to a model peptide antigen gonadotropin-releasing hormone with single-shot immunization. Compared to a bolus vaccine, PLG vaccines prolong germinal center formation and T follicular helper cell responses. Altering the presentation and release of the adjuvant (cytosine-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide, CpG) tunes the resulting IgG subclasses. Further, PLG vaccines elicit strong humoral responses against disease-associated antigens HER2 peptide and pathogenic E. coli, protecting mice against E. coli challenge more effectively than a bolus vaccine. Scaffold-based vaccines may thus enable potent, durable and versatile humoral immune responses against disease.

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Routine Vaccination Coverage — Worldwide, 2019

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Demographics of Vaccine Hesitancy in Chandigarh, India

Scaffold Vaccines for Generating Robust and Tunable Antibody Responses

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