Routine Epstein-Barr Virus Diagnostics from the Laboratory Perspective: Still Challenging after 35 Years

Hess, Ralf D.

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.8.3381-3387.2004

Cited by 196 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the EIA was less sensitive than the IFA for IgG detection early in the course of acute EBV infections. Denaturing agents other than urea may facilitate a full automation of avidity testing in the future (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, three methods serve as the method of fi rst choice in routine EBV diagnostics: the IFA, which is still the gold standard method; different enzyme immunoassay (EIA) techniques, including solid-phase ELISAs and related methods, such as luminescence-based detection of anti-EBV antibodies with antigen-coated beads; and Western blot analysis. While IFA or EIA is often used for screening, Western blot analysis is mainly performed for confi rmation (6). Here we investigate the serological profi les of specifi c antibodies among the sera of suspected EBV infection patients along with VCA-IgG avidity by IFA method.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of serological profiles and avidity of specific antibodies in the sera of patients with potential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection

Akpolat¹,

Gedik²,

Nergiz³

et al. 2013

BLL

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Abstract:Background: Epstein-Barr Virus, frequently referred to as EBV, is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common human viruses. The virus occurs worldwide, and most people become infected with EBV sometime during their lives. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serological profi les of specifi c antibodies among the sera of suspected EBV infection patients along with VCA-IgG avidity. Methods: A total of 522 patient's sera were sent to The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory for EBV specifi c antibody detection and were studied by IFA method during a two year period. The serum samples were tested for EBV specifi c VCA IgG, VCA IgM, EA, EBNA antibodies and VCA IgG aviditity. Results: Among 33 patients those who had low avidity for VCA IgG, 27 (81.8 %) of them had a serologic profi le as follows; positive VCA IgG, negative VCA IgM, negative EA and negative EBNA. Conclusion: While this profi le is considered as a primary infection, the frequency of the coexistence of VCA IgG low avidity with this profi le is interepreted that avidity may lead to detect primary infection (Tab. 2, Ref. 25 Abbreviations: IFA -indirect fl uorescent antibody, EBV -Epstein-Barr virus, EA -early antigen,VCA -viral capsid antigen, EBNA -epstein-barr nuclear antigen.Epstein-Barr virus, commonly referred to as EBV, is a human specifi c member of the herpesvirus family and is a B-cell lymphotropic virus. An EBV infection occurs by close contact with EBV presented in oral secretions. The virus initially wells in the oropharyngeal epithelial cells and causes persistent infections. Seroepidemiologic studies indicate that EBV infections are common in all communities and occur worldwide, and most people become infected with EBV sometime during their lives. In Europe including Turkey, as many as 70-80 % of adolescents and 80-90 % of adults are reported to be seropositive for EBV (1).The course of EBV infection can vary with regard to the age and health status of the person. In young children host-virus infection can take place with no apparent symptoms. By contrast, in 30-50 % of the adult patients EBV infection can cause diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and tonsillitis. In some cases exanthematous reactions triggered by EBV can be mistaken with an eruption of rubella (2). Moreover, EBV infection is shown to be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders in patients who are suffering from immunodefi ciency, Burkitt lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (3,4). Infectious mononucleosis is also caused by infection of B cells by EBV and is generally diagnosed by serological methods. EBV serology is utilized to help distinguish EBV reactivation infections from primary EBV infections and to demonstrate acute EBV infections. During this process, it is critically important to perform the tests at the same time for the presence of EBV-VCA IgM, EBV-VCAIgG, anti-EBV-EA, anti EBV-EBNA and VCA IgG avidity (2).The spectrum of antibody assays comprises unspecifi c tests, such as the long-known te...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of serological profiles and avidity of specific antibodies in the sera of patients with potential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection

Akpolat¹,

Gedik²,

Nergiz³

et al. 2013

BLL

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“…First, the serology of the herpes virus IgM antibodies is complex, and the results in our study remain to be validated by subsequent investigations [37]. Second, false-positive outcomes in serological analysis may influence the test results.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Correlation between infection of herpes virus family and liver function parameters: a population-based cross-sectional study

Cui

Huang

Wang

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: To evaluate the relationship between seropositivity to herpes virus family and liver function parameters in children from southwest China. Methodology: A 2-year cross-sectional retrospective study of 6,396 children aged 6 months to 12 years was performed. All participants underwent physical examination and liver function tests. Results: Of the children, 622 were positive for EBV, HSV, or CMV IgM, with dramatic changes in liver function parameters. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were negatively correlated with EBV-IgM and hepatocellular injuries in children < 3 years of age, whereas a positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and EBV-IgM and hepatocellular injuries was documented in children < 1 year of age. In those < 1 year and 3-6 years of age, HSV-IgM seropositivity was positively correlated with indirect bilirubin and γ-glutamyl transferase. The percentage of children < 1 year of age with positive CMV-IgM was 72.8% (158/217), approximately five times higher than that in those 1-3 years. Sixty-three children were infected with two pathogens simultaneously. Abnormal levels of LDH were observed in 85.71% of children simultaneously infected with CMV and HSV, 77.78% for CMV and EBV, 83.33% for EBV and HSV, and irregular levels of AST were noted in 69.19% of children infected with CMV and HSV, 77.78% for CMV and EBV, and 83.33% for EBV and HSV. Conclusions: Seropositivity to herpes virus family was correlated with abnormal liver function parameters across years of age. Clinicians should aim to protect the liver function of children infected with herpes viruses.

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“…People infected with EBV will develop specific antibody response including IgM against viral capsid antigen (VCA) during acute primary infection, followed by IgG against VCA and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) that persist for life (Tsuchiya, 2002;Hess, 2004). Aberrant level of antibody response against EBV has been evident in various EBV-related malignancies (Tao et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prognostic value of IgA/[EBNA1+VCA-p18] on survival of nasopharyngeal cancer patients

Taroeno-Hariadi¹,

Kurnianda²,

Hariwiyanto³

et al. 2014

J. Cancer Res. Exp. Oncol.

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Routine Epstein-Barr Virus Diagnostics from the Laboratory Perspective: Still Challenging after 35 Years

Cited by 196 publications

References 33 publications

Determination of serological profiles and avidity of specific antibodies in the sera of patients with potential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection

Determination of serological profiles and avidity of specific antibodies in the sera of patients with potential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection

Correlation between infection of herpes virus family and liver function parameters: a population-based cross-sectional study

The prognostic value of IgA/[EBNA1+VCA-p18] on survival of nasopharyngeal cancer patients

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