Routine Activities and Proactive Police Activity: A Macro-scale Analysis of Police Searches in London and New York City

Ashby, Matthew P J; Tompson, Lisa

doi:10.1080/07418825.2015.1103380

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…There is similar evidence that the pro-active (i.e. discretionary) behavior of police officers is influenced by situational factors (Ashby & Tompson, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This single exception to this (of which the authors are aware) is a study by Ashby and Tompson (2017), who used the routine activities approach to understand the relationships between variations in city-wide patterns of routine activities and the frequency of stop and frisk.…”

Section: Theorizing Situational Influences On Police Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The police action model can be used to make predictions about how changes in the routine activities of different actors might influence the likelihood of searches taking place. For example, Ashby and Tompson (2017) found that the number of stops carried out decreased sharply on Christmas Day, when many fewer potential subjects are likely to be on the streets. Conversely, major public events such as Halloween, during which more people may be available to be stopped and officers may have more reason to carry out searches, were associated with large increases in stops.…”

Section: Theorizing Situational Influences On Police Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New York City were used for the present study, covering 2006-2011in New York City and 2008 in London. These are the same data used by Ashby and Tompson (2017), allowing this study to build directly on those results. In both cities, officers conducting searches of citizens while on patrol are required to complete a short form recording details of the person stopped and the circumstances.…”

Section: Six Years Of Daily Counts Of Stop and Frisk In London And Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, police search data have been used extensively by researchers (see, for example, Gelman, Fagan, & Kiss, 2007;Goel, Rao, & Shroff, 2016;Ridgeway, 2007). For a more-detailed discussion of the data used here, see Ashby and Tompson (2017).…”

Section: Six Years Of Daily Counts Of Stop and Frisk In London And Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does a good cop really never get wet? The impact of weather on stop and frisk

Ashby¹,

Tompson²

2018

Preprint

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The study of discretionary police activity has largely focused on the demographic characteristics (particularly ethnicity) of the parties involved. This study proposes a police action model that facilitates a more-holistic analysis of individual and situational influences on police actions. This model is used to generate hypotheses about the relationship between police stop and search/frisk and weather (temperature and precipitation) in London and New York City. After controlling for other situational factors (such as public holidays and special events) and for the frequency of street crime, increasing temperatures are associated with small increases in police stops, while precipitation (rain and snow) is associated with substantial decreases. These relationships disappear, however, when stops conducted indoors (e.g. in shopping malls) are modeled. This research suggests that analysis of discretionary police activity should consider the influence of the environment as well as other factors.Keywords: police, stop and search, stop and frisk, weather Word count: 7,566 Does a good cop really never get wet? The relationships between weather on stop and frisk

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“…There is similar evidence that the pro-active (i.e. discretionary) behavior of police officers is influenced by situational factors (Ashby & Tompson, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Theorizing Situational Influences On Police Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorizing Situational Influences On Police Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Six Years Of Daily Counts Of Stop and Frisk In London And Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Six Years Of Daily Counts Of Stop and Frisk In London And Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Does a good cop really never get wet? The impact of weather on stop and frisk

Ashby¹,

Tompson²

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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How institutional contexts shape police-adolescent encounters. A study of France and Germany

Oberwittler

2022

Policing and Society

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The roles of e-government in combating corruption: evidence from European countries

Ha,

To,

Thi Thanh Huyen

et al. 2023

JSTPM

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Purpose This study aims to analyze the effects of e-government on corruption prevalence by using a sample of 29 European countries over the period 2012–2019. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) model to mitigate the problems of cross-sectional dependence. The PCSE model is also considered to reexamine the findings when the presence of heteroscedasticity, fixed effects and endogeneity issues are taken into account. The theoretical model incorporates one-year-lagged explanatory variables to deal with endogeneity. The autoregressive distributed lag method using the dynamic fixed effects estimator is chosen to deal with the time and country-fixed effects in the effort to measure the short- and long-run effects of e-government more precisely. Findings The results indicate that e-government plays a critical role in improving the population’s perception of corruption. Furthermore, e-government appears to have an effect in the short run. Notably, the estimation results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between e-government, especially user centricity and key enablers and the corruption perception index in the U-shaped curve. Practical implications The short-run and nonlinear effects of e-government on corruption prevalence suggest that the fight against corruption requires countries to pursue a consistent and continuous improvement and development of the e-government system. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature by providing a consistent and precise answer to this relationship in the case of European countries. Another contribution of the work is to use diverse indicators to reflect e-government in a typical country, which helps us confirm the reliability and robustness of the findings.

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Routine Activities and Proactive Police Activity: A Macro-scale Analysis of Police Searches in London and New York City

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Does a good cop really never get wet? The impact of weather on stop and frisk

Does a good cop really never get wet? The impact of weather on stop and frisk

How institutional contexts shape police-adolescent encounters. A study of France and Germany

The roles of e-government in combating corruption: evidence from European countries

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