Routes to Potential Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Biomass Lignin and Hemicelluloses

Zhang, Xiao; Tu, Maobing; Paice, Michael G.

doi:10.1007/s12155-011-9147-1

Cited by 134 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Therefore, further treatment, such as upgrading, is necessary. Catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation are also proven to be suitable for lignin utilization (Zhang et al 2011), but the addition of H2 and oxidants results in obvious operational dangers and high equipment requirements. Furthermore, in general, H2 currently originates from a fossil fuel, making it an unsustainable resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Lignin: Understanding the Structural Evolution

Long¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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The structural evolution of Panicum virgatum lignin during hydrothermal depolymerization was investigated. Product distribution from various temperatures was studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. The physical-chemical properties of initial lignin, tetrahydrofuran soluble fraction, and char were also comparatively characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results showed that both the depolymerization and repolymerization were significantly temperature-dependent. The undesired char formation becomes obvious when the temperature is greater than 180 °C. Further investigation demonstrated that H lignin is the most accessible for hydrothermal depolymerization, whereas S lignin is the most recalcitrant. Moreover, under the thermal effect and the dissolution of the subcritical water, the basic structure of lignin was first collapsed and then further decomposed into low-molecular weight products by the fracture of ether bonds, accompanied by char formation after repolymerization and dehydration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Lignin: Understanding the Structural Evolution

Long¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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“…The conversion of lignin-rich solid residue to liquid fuels is presently possible by using various pathways such as fragmentation, hydro processing and thermal depolymerization (Sannigrahi, Pu, & Ragauskas, 2010). However, it is also recognized that still there is a lack of effective and cost competitive lignin depolymerization method to fully realize this potential (Zhang, Tu, & Paice, 2011).…”

Section: Conversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefinery Concept: An Overview of Producing Energy, Fuels and Materials from Biomass Feedstocks

Suhag¹,

Sharma²

2015

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering

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Biomass, as a renewable resource, has the potential to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels, provide energy security and mitigate environmental problems. Shifting dependence from petroleum-based to renewable biomass-based resources is generally viewed as key to the sustainable development and effective management of greenhouse gas emissions. There has been an increasing research interest in the assessment of bio-sourced materials recovered from residual biomass and their conversion techniques. Biomass which is generally considered as less important due to its light weight, bulkiness and less economic value can be a valuable feedstock in biorefineries. Many countries of the world are now on the way to effectively utilizing the so called neglected energy source for achieving greater and cleaner energy efficiency by adopting biorefinery approach. This review paper hereby critically examine the idea of biorefineries as a strategy for sustainability by using different available biomass feedstocks, techniques for their multipurpose conversion into useful chemicals, fuel and materials, and the associated challenges on the basis of relevant researches.

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“…Efforts have been stepped up over the past 10 years to replace those materials with renewable and cleaner sources [6][7][8]. Examples include integrated multi-product biorefineries, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also be obtained from forests, agricultural resources, as well as from waste. Lignocellulose can be used as feedstock in the production of over 30 intermediates for different products used in such branches as transport, production of textiles, food, packaging, cosmetics, construction materials and in leisure [7,12]. Dedicated energy crops can be used as feedstock in biomass processing plants: herbaceous crops (Miscanthus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of New Willow Cultivars Grown as Feedstock for Integrated Biorefineries

et al. 2015

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The fossil fuel resources which power the chemical and energy industries are shrinking or becoming increasingly expensive. Moreover, their excavation and consumption have a negative impact on the environment, including global warming. For these reasons, new, cleaner, resources are being sought to replace them, such as lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact of the production of seven new cultivars of willow grown in a commercial plantation for use in an integrated biorefinery. The characteristics of the production and transport of 1 tonne of dry willow chips for the minimum (cultivar UWM 155), maximum (cultivar UWM 006) and average yield have shown that the cultivar with the lowest yield has the highest impact on the environment for all the selected categories of impact (CML 2 baseline 2000 method). For the average yield across all the cultivars, at a transportation distance of 25 km, this study found a high environmental impact of mineral NPK fertilisation, biomass harvest and road transport. The stage of normalisation for the average yield showed that freshwater toxicity had the greatest impact on the environment of all the categories under study. The effect of the other categories was 22-76 % lower for abiotic depletion and global warming, respectively. GHG emission amounted to 36 kg CO 2 eq. per 1 Mg of dry willow chips transported for 25 km, and it increased with an increase in the transport distance by 24 and 71 % for 50 and 100 km, respectively. The lowest GHG emission per 1 Mg of dry chips was achieved for the production of the high-yielding biomass cultivars UWM 006 and UWM 043. Their chips could be transported for longer distances, i.e. 50 and 100 km, because their impact on global warming was much lower than the low-yielding cultivars UWM 155, Tur and UWM 035.

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Routes to Potential Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Biomass Lignin and Hemicelluloses

Cited by 134 publications

References 87 publications

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Lignin: Understanding the Structural Evolution

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Lignin: Understanding the Structural Evolution

Biorefinery Concept: An Overview of Producing Energy, Fuels and Materials from Biomass Feedstocks

Life Cycle Assessment of New Willow Cultivars Grown as Feedstock for Integrated Biorefineries

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