round-Water Basin Catchment Delineation by Dye Tracing, Water Table Mapping, Cave Mapping, and Geophysical Techniques: Bowling Green, Kentucky

Epikarst Hydrogeochemical Processes in Telogenetic Karst Systems in South-Central Kentucky

“…Lost River Cave and Valley (LRCV) represents the primary drainage system for the Lost River Basin. The final discharge point, the Lost River Rise, represents roughly 152 km 2 (Ray and Blair 2005) of urban and agricultural landscape runoff (Crawford 1984a;Crawford 1984b;Crawford 1989;Crawford 2003;Crawford 2005 One of the primary investigators to delineate the extent of the Lost River drainage basin was Crawford (1984a;1984b;1989;2005) with others (Crawford et al1999;Brewer and Crawford 2005;Cesin and Crawford 2005), who conducted a wide range of dye tracing examinations to delineate the subsurface flow paths in relation to sinkhole flooding and contaminant transport. Crawford (2005) also conducted electro-resistivity and microgravity investigations in conjunction with cave mapping to determine the overall length and extent of the Lost River.…”

“…The final discharge point, the Lost River Rise, represents roughly 152 km 2 (Ray and Blair 2005) of urban and agricultural landscape runoff (Crawford 1984a;Crawford 1984b;Crawford 1989;Crawford 2003;Crawford 2005 One of the primary investigators to delineate the extent of the Lost River drainage basin was Crawford (1984a;1984b;1989;2005) with others (Crawford et al1999;Brewer and Crawford 2005;Cesin and Crawford 2005), who conducted a wide range of dye tracing examinations to delineate the subsurface flow paths in relation to sinkhole flooding and contaminant transport. Crawford (2005) also conducted electro-resistivity and microgravity investigations in conjunction with cave mapping to determine the overall length and extent of the Lost River. With these results, Crawford (1984a;1989;2005) generated reports for the City of Bowling Green to create new stormwater treatment policies, protection from storm runoff pollutants (Crawford 1984a;Crawford 1984b), and characteristics of the effect of urban development over an unstable sinkhole plain (Crawford 1984a;Crawford 2005;Brewer and Crawford 2005).…”

“…Regional examinations into karst landscape processes, such as the extent and rate of water storage and flow velocities, and the evolution of karst conduit systems related to dissolution kinetics, are prevalent for south-central Kentucky (Crawford 1984a;Crawford 1984b;Crawford 1989;Crawford 2003;Crawford 2005;Brewer and Crawford 2005;Cesin and Crawford 2005;Nedvidek 2014); however, most of these investigations were constrained to a single, specific cave system and fail to examine how epikarst processes change over a regional scale. Additionally, where most studies in the past focused on the primary underground rivers theorized to contain the majority of groundwater flow (Palmer 2007a) at relatively low resolution (seasonal to bi-weekly), few studies quantify the epikarst's role in depth at a high resolution as a means to capture hydrogeochemical variations with respect to carbon that occur in these systems, especially during storm events (Lawhon 2014;Nedvidek 2014).…”

Seasonal δ13CDIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

“…Until recently, most hydrogeochemical studies investigating carbon dynamics have relied on low‐resolution (monthly or seasonally scaled) investigations to account for changes in karst processes. Many geochemical examinations have focused on single cave systems (e.g.Crawford, , , , , ; Brewer and Crawford, ; Cesin and Crawford, ; Palmer, ; Nedvidek, ), while carbon sourcing has mainly been focused on rural and/or agricultural landscapes (Liu et al ., , ), leaving the extent of the influence of carbon dioxide within the epikarst relatively unexamined (Lawhon, ).…”

“…Many geochemical examinations have focused on single cave systems (e.g. Crawford, 1984aCrawford, , 1984bCrawford, , 1989Crawford, , 2003Crawford, , 2005Brewer and Crawford, 2005 ;Cesin and Crawford, 2005 ;Palmer, 2007 ;Nedvidek, 2014), while carbon sourcing has mainly been focused on rural and/or agricultural landscapes (Liu et al, 2007, leaving the extent of the influence of carbon dioxide within the epikarst relatively unexamined (Lawhon, 2014).…”