ROTI‐Based Stochastic Model to Improve GNSS Precise Point Positioning Under Severe Geomagnetic Storm Activity

Abstract

The solar wind and its interaction with the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system can cause severe disturbances in the global near-Earth space environment. When solar activities, such as coronal cavity high-speed flow and coronal mass ejection occur with numerous high-speed plasma clouds, reach near-Earth space through the interplanetary medium and interact with the Earth's geomagnetic field, a large number of charged particles carried by the high-speed solar wind flow can inject into the ionosphere, resulting in severe global geomagnetic disturbance, and then triggering geomagnetic storm occurrence (

Studying the Fixing Rate of GPS PPP Ambiguity Resolution Under Different Geomagnetic Storm Intensities

“…The calculation method of ROT using GNSS observations with 30 s sampling interval is as follows (Blewitt, 1990; Cherniak et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2022a, 2022b): $$$\text{ROT}=\frac{s\text{TE}{\mathrm{C}}_{k}^{i}-{s\text{TEC}}_{k-1}^{i}}{{t}_{k}-{t}_{k-1}}$$$ $$\begin{align*}s\text{TEC}=\frac{c}{K}\cdot \left(\frac{{{\Phi }}_{1}}{{f}_{1}}-\frac{{{\Phi }}_{2}}{{f}_{2}}\right)\cdot \frac{{f}_{1}^{2}\cdot {f}_{2}^{2}}{{f}_{1}^{2}-{f}_{2}^{2}}\end{align*}$$ where i and k represent the GPS satellite and epoch time. s TEC represents the relative slant TEC.…”

“…The calculation method of ROT using GNSS observations with 30 s sampling interval is as follows (Blewitt, 1990;Cherniak et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2022aLuo et al, , 2022b:…”

“…

The variations in the geomagnetic field generated by irregular current systems are caused by the interaction between solar wind and the magnetosphere. When solar activities such as coronal cavity high-speed flow and coronal mass ejections are accompanied by countless high-speed plasma clouds that travel through the interplanetary medium and interact with the Earth's magnetic field in the near-Earth space, a large number of charged particles carried by the high-speed solar wind flow can inject into the ionosphere, causing severe global geomagnetic disturbances, which in turn can trigger the geomagnetic storm (Cherniak et al, 2015;Gonzalez et al, 1994;Luo et al, 2022aLuo et al, , 2022b. Geomagnetic storms can last from hours to days and have a significant impact on global dynamics and structures of the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere.

…”

An Improved Stochastic Model for the Geodetic GNSS Receivers Under Ionospheric Scintillation at Low Latitudes

“…Commonly stochastic model like the EAS model cannot assign the appropriate weights for GNSS measurements affected by ionospheric scintillation since the scintillation could affect satellite signals at any elevation angle including these at high elevation angle above 50°. Compared with EAS model, the SIGMA‐ ε model also presented worse performance during ionospheric scintillation using GPS data from high latitudes stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) (Luo et al., 2022).…”

Controlling Factors of Artificial Irregularities Triggered by Chemical Release at Low Latitude Ionosphere

“…Variation of the total electron content (TEC) along raypath of the satellite‐to‐ground was usually described as the rate of change of TEC index (Amabayo et al., 2015; Fu et al., 2021; Luo et al., 2022). It is believed that the formation of density irregularities and occurrence of ionospheric scintillation is highly consistent with the ROTI value (Nishioka et al., 2008).…”