Rotaviruses: Extraction and Isolation of RNA, Reassortant Strains, and NSP4 Protein

Yakshe, Krystle A.; Franklin, Zachary D.; Ball, Joseph A.

doi:10.1002/9780471729259.mc15c06s37

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The characteristics of the infant's own nervous system may be one of the reasons for CwG convulsion [7,11]. Some studies have suggested that Rotavirus can disrupt calcium homeostasis by releasing the viral enterotoxin nsp4 or directly invading the central nervous system to cause CwG [18][19][20]. A study by Kim et al showed that the Rotavirus vaccine could greatly reduce the incidence of Rotavirus-induced CwG [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for the recurrence of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in children

Shi

Yang

et al. 2020

Seizure

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To identify risk factors for the recurrence of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) 1 in children. Methods: Altogether, 613 children with CwG admitted to Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province from January 2010 to December 2015 were selected, their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were followed up for 4-10 years. Risk factors for the recurrence of CwG were analyzed based on the clinical characteristics of the children. Results: Relapse occurred in 35 patients (6.3 %). Recurrence occurred within 6 months after the first CwG in majority of the patients (80 %), and recurrence occurred once in most patients (91.4 %). Risk factors associated with CwG recurrence were age at first attack of ≤18 months (recurrence rates at ages ≤ and > 18 months were 8.7 %, and 3.1 %, respectively; χ2 = 4.856, P = 0.028), and a history of convulsions in first-degree relatives (recurrence rates in first-degree relatives with and without a history of convulsion were 20 % and 6.2 %, respectively; χ2 = 5.501, P = 0.019). Conclusions: Children with CwG have a possibility of recurrence. The risk of recurrence within 6 months of onset is high and such patients should be carefully observed. Furthermore, the age of onset of ≤18 months and history of convulsions in first-degree relatives are risks factors for CwG recurrence; therefore, these children should be closely followed up. Material and methods ParticipantsThe clinical data of 613 children with CwG diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Shanxi from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The inclusion criteria were as follows [9-12]: (1)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for the recurrence of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in children

Shi

Yang

et al. 2020

Seizure

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“…coli S17 donor cells by electroporation and transferred to S . maltophilia recipients via conjugation following the protocol described by Welker et al [72]. Tetracycline-resistant colonies were first selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia utilizes a type IV secretion system for interbacterial killing

et al. 2019

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Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are a highly diversified but evolutionarily related family of macromolecule transporters that can secrete proteins and DNA into the extracellular medium or into target cells. It was recently shown that a subtype of T4SS harboured by the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri transfers toxins into target cells. Here, we show that a similar T4SS from the multi-drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is proficient in killing competitor bacterial species. T4SS-dependent duelling between S. maltophilia and X. citri was observed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. A bioinformatic search of the S. maltophilia K279a genome for proteins containing a C-terminal domain conserved in X. citri T4SS effectors (XVIPCD) identified twelve putative effectors and their cognate immunity proteins. We selected a putative S. maltophilia effector with unknown function (Smlt3024) for further characterization and confirmed that it is indeed secreted in a T4SS-dependent manner. Expression of Smlt3024 in the periplasm of E. coli or its contact-dependent delivery via T4SS into E. coli by X. citri resulted in reduced growth rates, which could be counteracted by expression of its cognate inhibitor Smlt3025 in the target cell. Furthermore, expression of the VirD4 coupling protein of X. citri can restore the function of S. maltophilia ΔvirD4, demonstrating that effectors from one species can be recognized for transfer by T4SSs from another species. Interestingly, Smlt3024 is homologous to the N-terminal domain of large Ca2+-binding RTX proteins and the crystal structure of Smlt3025 revealed a topology similar to the iron-regulated protein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis which has been shown to interact with the RTX protein FrpC. This work expands our current knowledge about the function of bacteria-killing T4SSs and increases the panel of effectors known to be involved in T4SS-mediated interbacterial competition, which possibly contribute to the establishment of S. maltophilia in clinical and environmental settings.

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“…NSP4 is a glycosylated protein that is important for viral replication, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. 44 During AGE, NSP4 is responsible for intestinal secretion by altering calcium Table 1 e Factors associated with seizure development in subjects with acute gastroenteritis.…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Of Cwgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis

Castellazzi

Principi

Agostoni

et al. 2016

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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Rotaviruses: Extraction and Isolation of RNA, Reassortant Strains, and NSP4 Protein

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Risk factors for the recurrence of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in children

Risk factors for the recurrence of convulsions with mild gastroenteritis in children

The opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia utilizes a type IV secretion system for interbacterial killing

Benign convulsions in children with mild gastroenteritis

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