Rotaviruses

Abstract

Rotavirus Classification Rotavirus Structure Rotavirus Genes and Genetics Rotavirus Biology Rotavirus Epidemiology and Vaccines Rotavirus Clinical Symptoms and Pathophysiology Modes of Transmission of Rotaviruses Rotavirus Host Range and Reservoirs Detection, Occurrence, and Persistence of Rotaviruses Recovery and Concentration of Rotaviruses in Environmental Samples Methods of Detection of Rotaviruses Assays to Detect Rotavirus

Genomic characterization of a novel group A lamb rotavirus isolated in Zaragoza, Spain

“…The rotavirus genus is divided into seven antigenically distinct groups or serogroups (A to G), but group A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals throughout the world [1]. Sheep are one of the few species in which group B rotaviruses appear to be more prevalent in neonatal lambs than group A rotaviruses [2,3].…”

“…Sheep are one of the few species in which group B rotaviruses appear to be more prevalent in neonatal lambs than group A rotaviruses [2,3]. The VP6 protein of group A rotaviruses bears the subgroup (SG) specificities that allow antigenic classification of these viruses into SG I, SG II, both SG I and II, or into neither SG based on reactivity with SG specific monoclonal antibodies [1]. The VP6 genogroup, predictive of the VP6 SG specificity, may be determined by sequence analysis of a 379 bp fragment, spanning from amino acid (aa) 241 367 [4].…”

“…So far, out of 19 different G genotypes and 27 different P genotypes (defined by sequence analysis and/or nucleic acid hybridization data and designated in brackets), only 14 P serotypes (P1A, P1B, and P2 to P13) and 14 G serotypes (G1 to G14) have been identified by serology [1,5].…”

“…Within NSP4 genotypes E1 and E2, previously genotypes B and A, respectively, rotavirus strains generally cluster according to species of origin, suggesting a constant pattern of evolution within species [7]. Genome segment 11 encodes NSP5, a phosphoprotein with kinase activity, and, via an out-of-phase open reading frame (ORF), a smaller, likely dispensable protein, NSP6 [1]. The NSP5/ NSP6 gene has been shown to be suitable to trace species of origin [10] and can be genetically classified into six genotypes (H1 to H6) [5].…”

“…Strain Lp14 has recently been licensed for use as a human vaccine in China (Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products). Antigenic analyses of the original K923 strain [12] and three additional OVR strains, LRV1 (SGI), LRV2a (SGI), and LRV2c (SGII), isolated from lamb feces in the United Kingdom, revealed that the OVR strain K923 was SGI, P [15], and G10 like the strain Lp14, while each of the remaining strains possessed unique antigenic properties commonly found in either cows or humans: P6 [1]G3 (LVR1), P8 [11]G6 (LVR2a), and P1A [8]G9 (LRV2c) [3].…”