Rotavirus infections in young Nicaraguan children

Espinoza, Félix; Paniagua, Margarita; Hallander, Hans O.; Svensson, Lennart; Strannegård, Örjan

doi:10.1097/00006454-199706000-00006

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Apart from El Salvador, the G9P[8] virus had not previously been detected in Central America (2,12). In this study it represented 7% of the HRV-positive cases in children attending the health care centers of Managua and Esteli.…”

Section: Nic 118/05 S E a P T Q I S D T I K F T S G E E L D I N T A Tmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…March 2005, a total of 108 stool samples were collected through a laboratorybased survey of acute diarrhea cases, defined as three or more liquid stools over a 24-h period (12)(13)(14). The surveillance was performed in the main hospital of every city included in this study; therefore, most of the samples (55/108; 76.4%) came from moderate to severe cases.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Collected Stool Samples During Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The G4P [6] virus (NicBH63/02) that circulated with very low (6%) frequency in 2002 in Nicaragua (12,13) shared 94% homology at the nucleotide level with the G4P [8] strains circulating during the outbreak. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the VP7 gene from the G4P [8] strains (Table 2 and Fig.…”

Section: Epidemiological Features Of the Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutated G4P[8] Rotavirus Associated with a Nationwide Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in Nicaragua in 2005

et al. 2007

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Rotavirus is the single most important etiologic agent of acute diarrhea mainly affecting children under the age of 5 (32). Each year human rotavirus (HRV) causes approximately 2 million hospitalizations and approximately 440,000 deaths, with the majority of the mortality in children from less industrialized countries (32).It is estimated that all children will be infected at least once by the age of 5 years (5), which leads to protective immunity later in life. In adults rotavirus infections are usually asymptomatic, but there are reports of disease in elderly and immunocompromised patients (1,4,26,28,33).Reports from different countries suggest an epidemiological shift of HRV strains over the years (20,30). It seems that one specific variant or lineage within the serotypes might be responsible for outbreaks in well-defined geographic regions; for instance, the lineage Ic of the strain G4P[8] increased in prevalence in some cities of Argentina in 1998 and 1 year later in Paraguay (7, 9). The lineage Ic of the G4P[8] strain was also found to circulate in Italy in 1999 and 2000 (3), and during the rotavirus season in 1997 the emergence of a G4P[6] strain with a different RNA profile was observed in South Africa (34). Furthermore, in Nicaragua the uncommon strain G4P[6] was observed to circulate at very low frequency in 2001 and 2002 (12). The emergence of these novel strains and new lineages is due to different evolutionary mechanisms including gene rearrangements, accumulation of point mutations, and reassortment of genome segments (18).During February and March 2005, one of the largest recorded outbreaks of severe acute gastroenteritis occurred in Nicaragua, affecting Ն64,000 individuals and causing at least 56 deaths, with children Ͻ5 years of age being most affected. We have carried out a molecular epidemiology study to investigate properties of the rotavirus strains associated with this unique and large epidemic outbreak. Our main observation was that the outbreak was associated with a mutated G4P [8] virus not previously detected in Nicaragua and most likely introduced from South America. The knowledge from this study may have implications for rotavirus prevention including vaccine introduction in Nicaragua. MATERIALS AND METHODSGeographic distribution of collected stool samples. During February and March 2005, a total of 108 stool samples were collected through a laboratorybased survey of acute diarrhea cases, defined as three or more liquid stools over a 24-h period (12-14). The surveillance was performed in the main hospital of every city included in this study; therefore, most of the samples (55/108; 76.4%) came from moderate to severe cases. A portion of the samples (17/72; 23.6%) was collected in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Leon serving mainly outpatients.The stool specimens were stored at 4°C until transported to the Department of Microbiology of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-Leon. A suspension of 10% (vol/vol)...

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Section: Nic 118/05 S E a P T Q I S D T I K F T S G E E L D I N T A Tmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Collected Stool Samples During Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutated G4P[8] Rotavirus Associated with a Nationwide Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in Nicaragua in 2005

et al. 2007

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“…14 The rotavirus prevalence that we encountered was lower than reported in pre-vaccine studies conducted in the primary care setting in the same city 12 and other Latin American countries (prevalence range = 14-35%). [15][16][17][18] We also confirmed broad coverage of the rotavirus vaccine among the children in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Using the same recruitment criteria as the present study, the pre-vaccine study found a rotavirus prevalence among children with diarrhea of 14.0% (69/493; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.9-17.1). 12 For all health facilities in León during this pre-vaccine year studied, the MOH reported 2,745 diarrhea visits among children under the age of 5 years. During the present year studied, the MOH reported 2,494 diarrhea visits among children under the age of 5 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%