Rotavirus Infection in Infants as Protection against Subsequent Infections

Velázquez, F. Raúl; Matson, David O.; Calva, Juan J.; Guerrero, M. Lourdes; Morrow, Ardythe L.; Carter-Campbell, Shelly; Glass, Roger I.; Estes, Mary K.; Pickering, Larry K.; Ruíz-Palacios, Guillermo M.

doi:10.1056/nejm199610033351404

Cited by 805 publications

(703 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…6,7 This variation has been attributed to less severe disease in young children due to persistence of maternal antibodies. 12,13 In a multicentric study conducted by Kang et al, rotavirus detection rates were greatest among children aged 6e23 months. 14 The association between seasonality and rotavirus diarrhea has not been clear with evidence both for and against it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children below two years presenting with diarrhea

John

Devgan

Mitra

2014

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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DiarrheaPrevalence Children a b s t r a c t Background: Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in children. There is a need for data on prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea especially in our setting. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children upto two years presenting with diarrhea and to ascertain factors associated with rotavirus infection in them.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection amongst children less than 2 years presenting with diarrhea. The clinical profile of the children was analyzed along with detection of rotavirus antigen in stool.Results: A total of 250 children with diarrhea were included in the study. The Male: Female ratio was 0.97:1. We found 24% children presenting with diarrhea to be positive for rotavirus antigen. 78.3% of children with rotaviral diarrhea were in the age group of 6e15 months. There was a significant association between type of feeding and rotavirus diarrhea with reduced prevalence while on exclusive breast-feeding. Though only 10.4% of children with rotavirus diarrhea had severe dehydration, 61.5% of children with severe dehydration were positive for rotavirus. Conclusion:Rotavirus diarrhea caused substantial morbidity in our study population. The rotavirus positivity in these children was 24% and there was a significant association of rotavirus infection with type of feeding and severity of dehydration.ª 2014, Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS). All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children below two years presenting with diarrhea

John

Devgan

Mitra

2014

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…Surveys carried out in Mexico show that protection increases with successive reinfections and that surveyed children did not develop RV-A gastroenteritis after two RV-A infections (Velazquez et al 1996). These findings encouraged the development of RV-A vaccines.…”

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confidence: 90%

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Leite

Carvalho-Costa

Linhares

2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

102

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Brazil was the first Latin American country to introduce universal group A rotavirus (RV-A) vaccination in March 2006, resulting in a unique epidemiological scenario. Since RV-A first identification in Brazil, 2,691 RV-A-positive stool samples, collected between 1982- 2007, were typed by independent research groups throughout the country. In the pre-vaccination era, 2,492 RV-A-positive samples collected from 1982-2005 were successfully typed, while 199 samples were analyzed from 2006-2007. According to the reviewed studies, there were two important times in the pre-vaccination era: (i) the period from 1982-1995, during which the detection of G5P[8] RV-A, in addition to the classical genotypes G1-4, challenged vaccine development programs; and (ii) the period from 1996-2005, during which genotype G9P[8] emerged, following a global trend. The rate of G2P[4] RV-A detection decreased from 26% (173/653) during 1982-1995 to 2% (43/1,839) during 1996-2005. The overall detection rate of RV-A genotypes from 1982-2005 was as follows: 43% (n = 1,079) G1P[8]/G1P[not typed (NT)]; 20% (n = 488) G9P[8]/G9P[NT]; 9% (n = 216) G2P[4]/G2P[NT]; 6% (n = 151) G3P[8]/G3P[NT]; 4% (n = 103) G4P[8]/G4P[NT]; and 4% (n = 94) G5P[8]/G5P[NT]. Mixed infections accounted for 189 (7%) of the positive samples, while atypical G/P combinations or other genotypes, including G6, G8, G10 and G12, were identified in 172 (7%) samples. The initial surveillance studies carried out in several Brazilian states with RV-A-positive samples collected in 2006 and 2007 show a predominance of G2P[4] strains (148/199 or 74%). Herein, we review RV-A typing studies carried out since the 1980s in Brazil, highlighting the dynamics of RV-A strain circulation profiles before and early after universal use of RV-A vaccine in Brazil

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“…Typically, most severe rotaviral disease occurs upon primary infection, usually in infants less than 5 years old, although this does not induce complete protective immunity. Repeat infections are common but generally less severe in outcome [2,3] due to development of a partially effective immune response. Rotaviral disease is also common amongst the elderly, particularly through outbreaks in residential care [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been many studies investigating the epidemiology of disease and repeat infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in children [2,3,[9][10][11][12][13] less attention has focused on infection and disease in other age groups. Studies which have investigated rotaviral infection in older age groups have long suggested that infection rates could be high, especially in case contacts [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYRotaviral associated disease of infants in the UK is seasonal and infection in adults not uncommon but the relationship between these has been little explored. Adult sera collected monthly for one year from routine hospital samples were screened for the presence of anti-group A rotavirus immunoglobulin M class antibodies as a marker of recent infection. Anti-rotavirus IgM was seen in all age groups throughout the year with little obvious seasonal variation in the distribution of antibody levels. IgM concentrations and the proportion seropositive above a threshold both increased with age with high concentrations consistently observed in the elderly. Results suggest either high infection rates of rotavirus in adults, irrespective of seasonal disease incidence in infants, IgM persistence or IgM cross-reactivity. These results support recent evidence of differences between infant and adult rotavirus epidemiology and highlight the need for more extensive surveys to investigate age and time related infection and transmission of rotavirus.

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Rotavirus Infection in Infants as Protection against Subsequent Infections

Abstract: In infants, natural rotavirus infection confers protection against subsequent infection. This protection increases with each new infection and reduces the severity of the diarrhea.

Cited by 805 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children below two years presenting with diarrhea

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children below two years presenting with diarrhea

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

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