Rotavirus Genetic Diversity, Disease Association, and Temporal Change in Hospitalized Rural Kenyan Children

Nokes, D. James; Peenze, Ina; Netshifhefhe, Lufuno; Abwao, John; Beer, M.; Seheri, Mapaseka; Williams, Thomas N.; Page, Nicola; Steele, Duncan

doi:10.1086/653566

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…15 The globally common genotype G2 was detected at lower levels in this study. This trend of G2 has also been documented in a study from 2002 to 2004 in the coastal region of Kenya 24 and in another study that was done during 2000–2002 where G2 strains were detected in about 12% of samples. 30 Over the last 8 years, no G2 has been documented in Kenya.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In Kenya, epidemiological studies have been done to determine the circulating RV genotypes and have showed the clinical importance of RV disease in young Kenyan children. 15,21–24 Before the introduction and implementation of a universal RV vaccination program, continued monitoring of RV strain variations is important so that the impact of vaccination and any subsequent changes in circulating strains can be determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rotavirus G and P Types Circulating in the Eastern Region of Kenya

Kiulia

Nyaga

Seheri

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background The World Health Organization has recommended that rotavirus (RV) vaccines be included in all national immunization programs as part of a strategy to control RV-associated diarrheal diseases. Hospital-based surveillance of RV infection is therefore crucial in monitoring the impact pre- and post-vaccine introduction and also to document changes in genotype distribution. This study sought to determine the RV genotypes circulating in the eastern region of Kenya before introduction of the RV vaccine. Methods During September 2009 to August 2011, 500 stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age admitted for acute diarrhea in hospitals in the eastern region of Kenya and analyzed for the presence of group A RV using an enzyme immunoassay. G and P genotypes were determined using hemi-nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results One hundred and eighty nine out of 500 (38%) samples analyzed were positive for rotavirus. The following G types were detected: G9 (50.9%), G1 (26.8%), G8 (12.1%), G12 (3.1%), G2 (0.6%), mixed G (1.3%) and 5.1% were G nontypeable. P types detected included: P[8] (63.7%), P[4] (12.1%), P[6] (4.5%), mixed P (7.6%) and 12.1% were P nontypeable. The most dominant strain was G9P[8] (35%), followed by G1P[8] (26.8%), G8P[4] (9.6%), G12P[6] (2.5%), G9P[6] (1.9%), G9P[4] (1.3%), G8P[8] (1.3%), and G2P[4] (0.6%). Conclusions The present study demonstrates the recurring changing genotypes of RV circulating in Kenya, with genotypes G9, G1 and G8 being the dominant strains circulating in the eastern region of Kenya between 2009 and 2011. Additionally, G12 genotype was detected for the first time in Kenya.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 99%

Rotavirus G and P Types Circulating in the Eastern Region of Kenya

Kiulia

Nyaga

Seheri

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…22 In temperate climates, most of the rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred in winter and was uncommon in summer. 22 In temperate climates, most of the rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred in winter and was uncommon in summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Rotavirus Diarrhea and Diversity of Rotavirus Strains Among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age with Acute Gastroenteritis in Mauritius

Pursem¹,

Peeroo

Mangar

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Genotype G8, one of the most common G genotypes found in cattle [Estes and Kapikian, 2007; Martella et al, 2009], was first reported from a child with diarrhea in Indonesia [Hasegawa et al, 1984]. Thereafter, G8 strains have been reported from humans in different countries worldwide [O'Halloran et al, 2000; Gentsch et al, 2005; Santos and Hoshino, 2005; Matthijnssens et al, 2006b; Steyer et al, 2007; Kiulia et al, 2008; Le et al, 2008; Banyai et al, 2009, 2010; Esona et al, 2009; Pietsch et al, 2009; Chandrahasen et al, 2010], with significant rates of detection in some African nations [Santos and Hoshino, 2005; Kiulia et al, 2008; Esona et al, 2010; Nokes et al, 2010]. To date, human G8 strains have been reported in association with a wide variety of P genotypes (P[1], P[2], P[4], P[6], P[8], P[10], P[11], or P[14]) [Santos and Hoshino, 2005; Pietsch et al, 2009; Banyai et al, 2009, 2010; Esona et al, 2009, 2010; Nokes et al, 2010; Nyangao et al, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full genomic analysis of a G8P[1] rotavirus strain isolated from an asymptomatic infant in Kenya provides evidence for an artiodactyl‐to‐human interspecies transmission event

Ghosh

Gatheru

Nyangao

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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Group A rotavirus (GAR) G8P[1] strains, found sometimes in cattle, have been reported rarely from humans. Therefore, analysis of the full genomes of human G8P[1] strains are of significance in the context of studies on interspecies transmission of rotaviruses. However, to date, only partial-length nucleotide sequences are available for the 11 genes of a single human G8P[1] strain, while the partial sequences of two other strains have been reported. The present study reports the first complete genome sequence of a human G8P[1] strain, B12, detected from an asymptomatic infant in Kenya in 1987. By nucleotide sequence identities and phylogenetic analyses, the full-length nucleotide sequences of VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5 genes of strain B12 were assigned to G8-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 genotypes, respectively. Each of the 11 genes of strain B12 appeared to be more related to cognate genes of artiodactyl (ruminant and/or camelid) and/or artiodactyl-derived human GAR strains than those of most other rotaviruses. Strain B12 exhibited low levels of genetic relatedness to canonical human GAR strains, such as Wa and DS-1, ruling out the possibility of its origin from reassortment events between artiodactyl-like human and true human strains. These observations suggest that strain B12 might have been directly transmitted from artiodactyls to humans. Unhygienic conditions and close proximity of humans to livestock at the sampling site might have facilitated this rare event. This is the first report on a full genomic analysis of a rotavirus strain from Kenya. To our knowledge, strain B12 might be the oldest G8 strain characterized molecularly from the Africa continent.

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Rotavirus Genetic Diversity, Disease Association, and Temporal Change in Hospitalized Rural Kenyan Children

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Rotavirus G and P Types Circulating in the Eastern Region of Kenya

Rotavirus G and P Types Circulating in the Eastern Region of Kenya

Epidemiology of Rotavirus Diarrhea and Diversity of Rotavirus Strains Among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age with Acute Gastroenteritis in Mauritius

Full genomic analysis of a G8P[1] rotavirus strain isolated from an asymptomatic infant in Kenya provides evidence for an artiodactyl‐to‐human interspecies transmission event

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