Rotaviral and Coronaviral Diarrhea

Torres-Medina, A; Schlafer, Donald H.; Mebus, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31297-4

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Rotavirus are shed from diarrhoeic and from healthy calves (ARCHAMBAULT et al, 1990) and there is evidence from serological studies that the prevalence of rotavirus in the normal bovine population is high ( GANABA et al, 1995;BEHYMER et al, 1991). With reference to the literature a relatively low prevalence of faecal antibodies against rotavirus was observed in the present study (TORRES- MEDINA et al, 1985;GANABA et al, 1995). However, of all significant pathogens found in this study rotavirus had the highest aetiologic fraction and our data support therefore the important aetiologic role of rotavirus in calf diarrhoea.…”

Section: Rotaoims Comnavirussupporting

confidence: 68%

A Case Control Study of Potential Enteric Pathogens for Calves Raised in Cow‐calf Herds

Busato

Lentze

Hofer

et al. 1998

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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A matched case control study was performed to describe the epidemiological features of potential enteric pathogens for calves reared in 53 cow-calf herds located in western Switzerland. A total of 106 diarrhoeic calves and 126 healthy control calves were collected, all calves were less than 4 months old Faecal samples were analysed for presence of infectious agents related to calf diarrhoea including enterotoxjgenic E. cok, Verotoxin producing E . mk (VTEC), Ca@Lobacter sp., Yersinia sp., Salmonelka sp., rotavirus, coronavirus, helminths and coccidian protozoa. Multivariate logistic models were used to analyse the relationship between presence of infection and onset of diarrhoea. The study provided evidence of significant associations between diarrhoea and infection with rotavirus, CaqyLobacfer cob and the presence of Verotoxin in faecal samples. With the exception of CgpoJporidiumpaivum intestinal parasites including Strongylidae and Eimeria sp. were found to be less prevalent in cases than in controls. Control calves were significantly more frequently infected with Shvn&iakspapillosus than case animals.

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Section: Rotaoims Comnavirussupporting

confidence: 68%

A Case Control Study of Potential Enteric Pathogens for Calves Raised in Cow‐calf Herds

Busato

Lentze

Hofer

et al. 1998

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…The observed microscopic lesions in the distal compartment of small intestines characteristic for severe surface desquamation of epithelial cells and atrophy of some villi, as well as the proliferation of the propria with lymphocytes, are at the background of the pathogenesis of rotaviral enterites in calves, as also stated by other researchers [12] . Pathomorphological changes in the intestine and colon in coronavirus infection were expressed in atrophy and fusion of individual villi, with involvement of the crypts epithelium [18] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In neonatal calves, the infection is characterized with the lack of viraemic stage, short incubation period, and profuse diarrhoea combined with severe dehydration. The simultaneous infection with secondary pathogens complicates the course of the disease [12,13] . The onset of diarrhoea is due to the replication of the virus within the enterocytes and perished absorbing enterocytes with activation of enteric nervous system by the rotavirus enterotoxin [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buzağılarda Gözlenen Bir Rotavirus Enteritis Salgınında Morfolojik ve Etiyolojik Araştırmalar

Kalkanov¹,

DINEV²,

ALEKSANDROV³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of the present report was to describe the gross pathology and histopathologic findings and etiological investigations in a diarrhoeic syndrome outbreak in calves from the 24 th h to 20 th day of life. Clinically, affected animals exhibited profuse diarrhoea with yellow-greenish faeces mixed with mucus and blood. Rapid field tests Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 Detection of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum and Clostridium perfringens in bovine stool and ELISA was used for detection of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum antigens. The results of tests were positive for Group A bovine rotavirus, and negative for all other tested etiological agents. The gastrointestinal tract macroscopic lesions observed during the gross pathological examination were of inflammatory nature. Microscopic lesions confirmed the catarrhal desquamative enterocolitis through marked lymphocytic infiltration and oedema of intersitial tissues and submucosa. Non-complicated rotaviral enteritis was capable of inducing pathological alterations of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal calves with high mortality rates. Keywords: Rotavirus enteritis, Diarrhoea, Group A bovine rotavirus, Calves Buzağılarda Gözlenen Bir Rotavirus Enteritis Salgınında Morfolojik ve Etiyolojik Araştırmalar ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı buzağılarda 24. saat ile 20. gün arasında şekillenen diare sendromu salgınında makroskobik ve histopatolojik bulguların tanımlanarak etiyolojinin araştırılmasıdır. Klinik olarak hasta hayvanlarda mukus ve kan ile karışık sarı yeşilimtırak renkli dışkı ile karakterize şiddetli ishal gözlemlendi. Hızlı saha testi, Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306, dışkıda Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum ve Clostridium perfringens antijenlerini belirlemek amacıyla kullanıldı. Testin sonuçları Grup A bovine rotavirus için pozitif ve diğer tüm etkenler için negatif olarak belirlendi. Gastrointestinal system organlarda gözlemlenen patolojik değişiklikler yangısal karakterdeydi. Mikroskobik bakıda intersitisyel dokuda ve submukozada şiddetli lenfositik infiltrasyon ve ödem ile karakterize kataral deskuamatöz enterokolitis tespit edildi. Komplike olmayan rotavirus enteritis gastrointestinal sistemde patolojik değişiklikler yapabilme ve yüksek mortalite özelliklerine sahip olabilmektedir.

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“…Death can be the consequence of the direct effects of the pathogenic action of the virus, although secondary bacterial infections may also be lethal; this depends upon the virulence determinants of each viral strain and individual factors in each affected animal, e.g., its immunological competence (Torres-Medina et al, 1985;Holland, 1990;Munoz et al, 1996). Sudden death can also be the only finding in hyper-acute cases of the disease (Woode, 1978).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infections in domestic animals

Chatzopoulos

Athanasiou

Spyrou

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Rotaviruses are major enteric pathogens of humans and a wide variety of animals. Rotavirus infections have a worldwide prevalence. The viral genome is composed of 11 double-stranded RNA segments with six structural and five or six non-structural proteins. Over 35,000 strains have been identified and classified into five main (A, B, C, D, E) and three additional tentative (F, G, H) serotype groups. A binary classification system has been proposed defining 'G' or 'P' types, with at least 27 G and 35 P genotypes reported thusfar. The virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral and oral routes. After attachment, entry into the host cells occurs through direct entry, fusion or endocytosis. Main mechanisms of Rotavirus-induced diarrhoea involve extensive enterocyte losses and nutrient disdigestion and malabsorption. Clinical features of Rotavirus infections range from asymptomatic infections to fulminant disease leading to rapid death. In calves, lambs and kids, piglets and foals, salient sign of the disease is diarrhoea; diarrhoeic faeces are white, yellow or, in severe cases, blood-tinted or frank haemorrhagic. In dogs and cats, the infection occurs usually as self-limiting diarrhoea. Avian Rotavirus infections are characterized by enteritis, growth depression and/or growth retardation. Definitive diagnosis of the infection can only be achieved by laboratory tests, including electron microscopic examination, immunohistochemical examination, immunofluorescence, ELISA, latex agglutination and molecular techniques. There is no specific treatment against Rotavirus infections. Treatment is based in providing supportive care and managing clinical signs and potential complications. Effective vaccines, containing inactivated, recombinant or attenuated strains of the virus, are available. Challenge studies have shown the ease of the virus in cross-infecting various animal species; animal strains of the virus may cross species and infect humans. Due to the ability of the virus to overcome species barriers, animal strains may act as natural source of viral genomes, promoting mutations and creating new viral genotypes, whose virulence cannot be predictable.

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Rotaviral and Coronaviral Diarrhea

Cited by 49 publications

References 50 publications

A Case Control Study of Potential Enteric Pathogens for Calves Raised in Cow‐calf Herds

A Case Control Study of Potential Enteric Pathogens for Calves Raised in Cow‐calf Herds

Buzağılarda Gözlenen Bir Rotavirus Enteritis Salgınında Morfolojik ve Etiyolojik Araştırmalar

Rotavirus infections in domestic animals

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