Rotational molding of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with copper slag as a waste filler from metallurgical industry

Barczewski, Mateusz; Hejna, Aleksander; Aniśko, Joanna; Andrzejewski, Jacek; Piasecki, Adam; Mysiukiewicz, Olga; Bąk, Małgorzata; Gapiński, Bartosz; Ortega, Zaida

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107449

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Filler materials have been widely used in the polymer industries for economic reasons. Furthermore, it was reported that the fillers could also improve biocomposites’ mechanical and thermal properties [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Lignocellulosic waste and residues are among the most widely used fillers in polymeric composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

et al. 2022

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This research aimed to investigate the effects of using wood leachate (WL) powder as a cost-effective filler added to novel poly (lactic acid) biocomposites and evaluate their mechanical, thermal, morphological, and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, Charpy impact test, Shore hardness, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle, and bacterial growth inhibition tests were employed to characterize the developed biocomposites. The SEM results indicated a proper filler dispersion in the polymer matrix. WL powder improved the hydrophobic nature in the adjusted sample’s contact angle experiment. Markedly, the results showed that the addition of WL filler improved the mechanical properties of the fabricated biocomposites. The thermal analysis determined the development in crystallization behavior and a decline in glass transition temperature (Tg) from 60.1 to 49.3 °C in 7% PLA-WL biocomposites. The PLA-WL biocomposites exhibited an antibacterial activity according to the inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria. The developed novel PLA-WL composites can be effectively utilized in various value-added industrial applications as a sustainable and functional biopolymer material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

et al. 2022

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“…Melt compounding of composites for rotational technology was used for producing composites containing graphite [ 16 ], fumed silica [ 17 ], and wollastonite [ 18 ]. The dry blending process in the preparation of fiber composites is usually obtained by an industrial blender [ 12 ], a shear mixer [ 19 ], or a knife mill [ 20 ]. Melt compounding of composite material for rotational molding is beneficial when preparing rotomolded composites with uniform filler distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between a Rotational Molding Processing Procedure and the Structure and Properties of Biobased Polyethylene Composites Filled with Expanded Vermiculite

et al. 2022

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Rotational molding is a technology in which polymeric thin-walled products can be made. The newest descriptions of this technology concern the possibility of obtaining polymer composite materials. There are two main methods of incorporating fillers into a polymer matrix. Dry blending is based on mixing fillers with polymer powders before rotational molding by hand or using automatic mixers. In the melt compounding method, fillers are mixed with the polymer in the preliminary step by melt processing and then grinding or pulverization to obtain polymer powders for rotational molding. This work aimed to investigate the impact of the processing procedure on the structure and properties of biobased composites with expanded vermiculite. Produced rotomolded parts were examined using mechanical tests to assess changes in tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The most significant difference in mechanical properties was noted for samples with 10 wt% expanded vermiculite (EV). The elasticity modulus increases by almost 2 fold when the sample is prepared in a two-step process, the tensile strength is 4-fold higher, the flexural modulus is 3-fold higher, and the flexural strength is 5-fold higher. We also investigated thermomechanical properties in DMA measurement. The void volume content was also measured to control the quality of obtained parts. The porosity of dry blended samples containing more than 2 wt% EV is almost 2-fold higher. Other methods to control quality and structure were optical and scanning electron microscopy used for rotomolded parts and polymer powders. The investigations of rotomolded parts were supplemented with a complete description of used materials, including the particle size distributions of polymer powders and filler. Analysis of the thermal properties and chemical structure was also performed despite all the mechanical tests. The emerging conclusions from the research clearly show that the two-step process allows for achieving a more beneficial mechanical performance of the composites made of the biobased polymer in rotational molding technology.

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“…For this reason, several authors have focused on using new materials adapted to rotomolding specificities. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most studied alternatives [2][3][4][5][6] due to its recyclability, good mechanical properties, and biodegradability under certain conditions. In order to improve the process sustainability, some authors have proposed using recycled materials from post-consumer plastics [7] or recycled PLA fractions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buckwheat husk, reed, or bamboo are other materials proposed to broaden the options of using lignocellulosic materials [13,16,19,20]. Other authors introduced in rotomolded parts some fillers traditionally considered waste materials, such as cable covers [21] or copper slag from mining [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ricinus communis shredded material as filler in rotational molded parts to improve the bio-disintegration behavior

et al. 2022

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This paper focuses on the use of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) as filler in rotomolded parts using polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) as polymer matrixes. The vegetable shredded material was used in 5 and 10% weight following a dry blending procedure and then rotomolded to obtain cube test parts. This material was characterized to determine its chemical composition, thermal stability, and structure. The NaOH-treated material shows reduced hemicellulose content and higher thermal stability. Obtained composite materials were characterized in terms of mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) and thermal properties, morphology, and bio-disintegration behavior. The use of Ricinus as filler in rotomolded PE composite decreases, in general terms, mechanical properties of neat PE, while no significant changes in thermal or bio-disintegration properties are found. On the contrary, PLA composites show higher tensile strength and similar Young's modulus than the matrix, although with reduced flexural and impact properties. Alkali-treated Ricinus material produces parts with higher porosity and thus, lower mechanical properties than composites with untreated material. Finally, the incorporation of this vegetal material modifies to a great extent the thermal properties of the PLA matrix. The bio-disintegration rate increases due to the use of fibers, probably because of the higher moisture absorption of composites.

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Rotational molding of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with copper slag as a waste filler from metallurgical industry

Cited by 40 publications

References 66 publications

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

The Relationship between a Rotational Molding Processing Procedure and the Structure and Properties of Biobased Polyethylene Composites Filled with Expanded Vermiculite

Use of Ricinus communis shredded material as filler in rotational molded parts to improve the bio-disintegration behavior

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