Rotation of Male Terminalia in Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) as Affected by Temperature1

Provost, Maurice W.; Lum, P. T. M.; Branch, Nina

doi:10.1093/aesa/54.6.896

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Approximately 20 h would be required for wild males collected in the field to become sexually mature which is in agreement with the data reported by Mahmood & Reisen [16]. A deceleration in genitalia rotation beyond 90° has been reported for an aedine species [11]; a similar pattern seems to exist in the Dongola wild males, but was not evident in the laboratory males. Provost et al [11] reported an increase of the rotation rate with temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Thus, the genitalia had to be observed from both sides to allow determination of the final rotation stage: when claspers were ventrally rotated and the pleural lines were aligned on one side, the male was recorded as fully rotated. Such jagged lines have previously been reported and are due to the elasticity of the inter-segmental membranes [11]. According to the side that presented a perfect alignment, the rotational direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) could be determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The time to complete this event is species-specific. Aedine species show a great variation: Aedes iriomotensis , Aedes albopictus , Aedes atriisimilis were shown to rotate 180° respectively around 12, 22 and 40 hours after emergence [10]; 18 to 24 h were required for Aedes aegypti [8]; 30 h for Aedes taeniorhynchus [11] and nearly 4 days for Aedes provocans [12]. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus completed the rotation in 19 h [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate

Oliva

Benedict

Lempérière

et al. 2011

Malar J

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BackgroundSeparating males and females at the early adult stage did not ensure the virginity of females of Anopheles arabiensis (Dongola laboratory strain), whereas two years earlier this method had been successful. In most mosquito species, newly emerged males and females are not able to mate successfully. For anopheline species, a period of 24 h post-emergence is generally required for the completion of sexual maturation, which in males includes a 180° rotation of the genitalia. In this study, the possibility of an unusually shortened sexual maturity period in the laboratory-reared colony was investigated.MethodsThe effect of two different sex-separation methods on the virginity of females was tested: females separated as pupae or less than 16 h post-emergence were mated with males subjected to various doses of radiation. T-tests were performed to compare the two sex-separation methods. The rate of genitalia rotation was compared for laboratory-reared and wild males collected as pupae in Dongola, Sudan, and analysed by Z-tests. Spermatheca dissections were performed on females mated with laboratory-reared males to determine their insemination status.ResultsWhen the sex-separation was performed when adults were less than 16 h post-emergence, expected sterility was never reached for females mated with radio-sterilized males. Expected sterility was accomplished only when sexes were separated at the pupal stage. Observation of genitalia rotation showed that some males from the laboratory strain Dongola were able to successfully mate only 11 h after emergence and 42% of the males had already completed rotation. A small proportion of the same age females were inseminated. Wild males showed a much slower genitalia rotation rate. At 17 h post-emergence, 96% of the laboratory-reared males had completed genitalia rotation whereas none of the wild males had.ConclusionThis colony has been cultured in the laboratory for over one hundred generations, and now has accelerated sexual maturation when compared with the wild strain. This outcome demonstrates the kinds of selection that can be expected during insect colonization and maintenance, particularly when generations are non-overlapping and similar-age males must compete for mates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate

Oliva

Benedict

Lempérière

et al. 2011

Malar J

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“…2C) [31], [32]. In order to make use of this easily discernable physical characteristic to identify young males, we needed to establish the timing of the rotation of male genitalia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Sites of Phlebotomus sergenti, the Sand Fly Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Judean Desert

Moncaz¹,

Faiman²,

Kirstein³

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Phlebotomine sand flies transmit Leishmania, phlebo-viruses and Bartonella to humans. A prominent gap in our knowledge of sand fly biology remains the ecology of their immature stages. Sand flies, unlike mosquitoes do not breed in water and only small numbers of larvae have been recovered from diverse habitats that provide stable temperatures, high humidity and decaying organic matter. We describe studies designed to identify and characterize sand fly breeding habitats in a Judean Desert focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. To detect breeding habitats we constructed emergence traps comprising sand fly-proof netting covering defined areas or cave openings. Large size horizontal sticky traps within the confined spaces were used to trap the sand flies. Newly eclosed male sand flies were identified based on their un-rotated genitalia. Cumulative results show that Phlebotomus sergenti the vector of Leishmania tropica rests and breeds inside caves that are also home to rock hyraxes (the reservoir hosts of L. tropica) and several rodent species. Emerging sand flies were also trapped outside covered caves, probably arriving from other caves or from smaller, concealed cracks in the rocky ledges close by. Man-made support walls constructed with large boulders were also identified as breeding habitats for Ph. sergenti albeit less important than caves. Soil samples obtained from caves and burrows were rich in organic matter and salt content. In this study we developed and put into practice a generalized experimental scheme for identifying sand fly breeding habitats and for assessing the quantities of flies that emerge from them. An improved understanding of sand fly larval ecology should facilitate the implementation of effective control strategies of sand fly vectors of Leishmania.

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“…Another factor to' be considerhd is that the emergence curve of a single species may vary considerably from one part of a habitat to another (Hirvennja 1960). Provost, Lum and Branch 1961); and the action of water currents and wind often makes it impossible to specify the area from which any one sample was derived. I).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Patterns of Emergence in Aquatic Insects

Corbet¹

1964

Can Entomol

138

107

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In aquatic insects, emergence (ecdysis to the adult or subimaginal stage) varies widely in temporal pattern. The comparative study of this pattern is feasible and informative in orders such as Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Diptera and Trichoptera in which all members of a population pass through the water-surface when emerging. Methods by which emergence rate can be measured are discussed. Four basic temporal patterns of emergence exist. Emergence may be (1) continuous with irregular fluctuations in rate; (2) rhythmic, with a lunar period; (3) sporadic, occurring at irregular intervals of a few days; or (4) seasonal. Examples of each of these patterns are given, and reference is made to the proximate and ultimate environmental factors which may be maintaining the patterns observed. Diurnal rhythms of emergence are excluded from consideration. When emergence is restricted seasonally in temperate latitudes, the degree of its synchronization within the emergence period varies widely but is usually constant and typical for a given species. This has provided the basis for an ecological classification of British Odonata, the validity of which is examined in the light of recent research.

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Rotation of Male Terminalia in Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) as Affected by Temperature1

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate

Laboratory selection for an accelerated mosquito sexual development rate

Breeding Sites of Phlebotomus sergenti, the Sand Fly Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Judean Desert

Temporal Patterns of Emergence in Aquatic Insects

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