Rotating Stall and Surge

Stenning, A. H.

doi:10.1115/1.3240618

Cited by 98 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Because of the low frequency of the oscillations, the compressor can pass in and out of these flow regimes in an approximately quasi-steady manner. 5 The two types of instability are indicated schematically in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Axial Compressor Pumping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Pumping Systems—The 1980 Freeman Scholar Lecture

Greitzer

1981

Journal of Fluids Engineering

284

131

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A review is presented of the types of instabilities which are encountered in pumping systems of technological interest. These include axial and centrifugal compression systems, pumping systems involving cavitation, systems with two-phase flow, systems with combustion, hydraulic systems, and systems which have two or more pumping elements in parallel. All of the above will be seen to exhibit instabilities under certain operating conditions, although the mechanism of instability, as well as the particular system element that is responsible for the instability, will be quite different in the different systems. However, several basic concepts, such as the idea of negative damping which is associated with dynamic instability, will be seen to be common to the different systems. The review is organized around the different types of systems that are discussed, and includes descriptions of the steady-state performance, the regimes in which one would expect instability, and the mechanisms of instability. An idealized pumping system is first examined to illustrate some of the basic concepts. More realistic systems are then treated in the same manner of showing steady-state performance, regimes of instability and mechanisms. In the review attention is given mainly to those areas in which there is high current engineering interest, and an attempt is made to describe those areas of research which can be most fruitfully pursued. In general, it is suggested that efforts should be directed toward obtaining an improved understanding of the transient behavior of the active (instability causing) elements within the system, since it is lack of knowledge of this aspect that currently limits the accuracy of system stability predictions.

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Section: Axial Compressor Pumping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Pumping Systems—The 1980 Freeman Scholar Lecture

Greitzer

1981

Journal of Fluids Engineering

284

131

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“…The difference between the configurations is based on two parameters: firstly, the implementation or non-implementation of a storage volume (plenum) in the system, and secondly, the capacity of the storage volume, when considering the former case. Figure 65 and Figure 66 Greitzer [50] and Stening [51] approach, the presence of a storage volume would lead to worsen the compressor stability limit. Figure 65 shows the experimental results of the cases previously described for the 40000rpm operating line.…”

Section: Figure 64 the Analogue Of The Compression System With A Masmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stening [51] proposed a simplified model based on Greitzer's approximation [49,50] that describes flow instability inception of the most complex compression system presented in Figure 63(c) by means of a single second-order differential equation that accounts for the perturbations on each element of the compression system. In order to do so, Stening compares the compressor, duct, plenum and throttle forming the compression system to a mass-spring damper system, as sketched in Figure 64.…”

Section: Figure 63 Example Of Flow Instability Inception For Three Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exit Pressure Pulsation on the Performance and Stability Limit of a Turbocharger Centrifugal Compressor

Barrera-Medrano

Newton

Martinez-Botas

et al. 2016

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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It is well known that compressor surge imposes a significant limit on the flow range of a turbocharged internal combustion engine. The centrifugal compressor is commonly placed upstream of the inlet manifold, and hence, it is exposed to the intermittent flow regime of the inlet valves. Surge phenomena have been well studied over the past decades, and there still remains limited information with regard to the unsteady impact caused by the inlet valves. This study presents an experimental evaluation of such a situation. Engine representative pulses are created by a downstream system comprising a large volume, two rotating valves, a throttle valve, and the corresponding pipe network. Different pulsation levels are characterized by means of their frequency and the corresponding amplitude at the compressor inlet. The stability limit of the system under study is evaluated with reference to the parameter B proposed by Greitzer (1976, “Surge and Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors—Part II: Experimental Results and Comparison With Theory,” ASME J. Eng. Power, 98(2), pp. 199–211; 1976, “Surge and Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors—Part I: Theoretical Compression System Model,” ASME J. Eng. Power, 98(2), pp. 190–198). B describes the dynamics of the compression system in terms of volume, area, equivalent length, and compressor tip speed as well as the Helmholtz frequency of the system. For a given compressor, as B goes beyond a critical value, the system will exhibit surge as the result of the flow instability progression. The reduced frequency analysis shows that the scroll diffuser operates in an unsteady regime, while the impeller is nearly quasi-steady. In the vicinity of the surge point, under a pulsating flow, the instantaneous operation of the compressor showed significant excursions into the unstable side of the surge line. Furthermore, it has been found that the presence of a volume in the system has the greatest effect on the surge margin of the compressor under the unsteady conditions.

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“…Theoretical and experimental studies of rotating stall that precedes surge were carried out in [4,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of rotating stall and surge detection in centrifugal compressors

Guzel’baev¹,

Khavkin²,

Khisameev³

2006

Chem Petrol Eng

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Systems for prevention of surging of centrifugal compressors and methods of rotating stall detection and early surge diagnosis using statistical processing of sensor signals of various parameters, i.e., the method of calculation of the correlation function of the signal and the method of calculation of signal dispersion, are discussed. The results of routine tests of air and high-speed air centrifugal compressors and their detachable flow parts are adduced.The presently available systems for prevention of surging of centrifugal compressors (CC) can be divided roughly into two groups.1. Systems preventing surge, which are often called antisurge control systems. In this case, the surge boundary is plotted on the gas-dynamic curve of the compressor and to its right (10-15% toward the flow rate increase) is drawn the antisurge control line. If the working point of the compressor curve lies to the left of the control line, the bypass (or dump) valve slightly opens up, which prevents surging of the compressor. The surge boundary is determined experimentally in the course of surge tests or by calculation. As an example, in Fig. 1 are shown the surge boundary line for the supercharger N133-21-01 (curve 1) determined in the course of the surge tests and the antisurge control line (curve 2).2. Systems responding to incipient surge (surge signal indicators). In these systems, use is made of the distinguishing features of the behavior of the signals from the sensor, which characterize the compressor operation conditions (flow rate, supercharging pressure, current strength of the main electric drive, etc.), and a discrete signal is generated for forced opening of the bypass valve and/or for stopping of the compressor.A surge signal indicator can be installed in addition to the antisurge control system, and if this system fails either due to variation in the parameters of the gas being compressed or due to inadmissible increase in the thickness of the deposit layer in the flow part, the surge signal indicator prevents operation of the compressor in inadmissible surge conditions. Let us examine the second group of surge prevention systems. Research carried out by developers of surge prevention systems for centrifugal compressors was focused on detection of distinguishing features of incipient surge, which is characterized by fluctuations of the (discharge) pressure and the rate of gas flow through the compressor, the delivery temperature, the current strength of the electric drive, etc. Many patents have been granted on this subject in Russia and abroad. For example, an antisurge device based on fixing of the moment of concurrent drop in the delivery pressure and the rate of gas flow through the compressor has been patented [1].In a series of experiments performed in the 1960s [2, 3], it was found that rotating stall appears in the centrifugal compressor in the region of the working points of the compressor characteristics (curve) near the surge boundary. Theoretical and experimental studies of rotating stall that precedes surg...

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Rotating Stall and Surge

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

The Stability of Pumping Systems—The 1980 Freeman Scholar Lecture

The Stability of Pumping Systems—The 1980 Freeman Scholar Lecture

Effect of Exit Pressure Pulsation on the Performance and Stability Limit of a Turbocharger Centrifugal Compressor

Methods of rotating stall and surge detection in centrifugal compressors

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