Rotating sandwich targets of isotopically enriched lead for high intensity heavy ion beams

Fabrication and characterization of carbon-backed thin 208Pb targets

“…Fabrication of thick isotopic self-supporting Pb targets has already been reported in the literature [9], [10]. Fabrication of thick 208 Pb sandwich targets (0.7–1.0 mg/cm 2 ) using resistive heating technique has been documented by D. Marx et al [11]. On the other hand, reports on the fabrication of thin 208 Pb targets are rather scarce.…”

Target preparation for research with charged projectiles

“…In case of targets other than carbon a thin layer of carbon can be added to the target to improve the heat loss by radiation. The combination of both solutions—a target wheel [ 158 ] containing Pb foils covered on both sides with a thin layer of carbon (carbon emissivity ε C = 0.8)—was used for studies with high intensity heavy ion beams at GSI [ 159 ].…”

Fabrication of self-supporting targets of lead ( 206,208 Pb) using evaporation technique

“…In the literature few methods were reported on the fabrication of Pb targets using other techniques. Marx et al [8] have successfully prepared lead targets of thicknesses 0.7-1.0 mg/cm 2 sandwiched between two carbon foils of thicknesses 0.02-0.03 mg/cm 2 , by the resistive heating method. Stodel et al [9] reported fabrication of a similar sandwiched Pb target using the evaporation method.…”