Rotating magnetic field ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting T cell peripheral accumulation and regulating the balance of Treg and Th1/Th17

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell infiltration and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical preclinical animal model of MS.In this study, we found that rotating magnetic field (RMF) treatment exerts potential preventive effects on the discovery of EAE, including reducing the severity of the disease and delaying the onset of the disease. The results indicated that RMF (0.2 T, 4 Hz) treatment increases the accumulation of CD4 + cells in the spleen and lymph nodes by downregulating the expression of CCL-2, CCL-3 and CCL-5, but has no significant effect on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) specific T cell responses. Simultaneously, RMF treatment adjusted the imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) cell and T helper 1 (Th1) cells or T helper 17 (Th17) cells by increasing the proportion of Treg cells and inhibiting the ratio of Th1 and Th17 cell subsets. These findings suggest that exposure to RMF may improve EAE disease by promoting CD4+ cell accumulation into peripheral lymphoid tissue, improving the imbalance between Treg and Th1/Th17 cells. Therefore, as a mild physical therapy approach, RMF, is likely to be a potential way to alter the development of EAE.

Epigenetic dysregulation in various types of cells exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields

“…They used a rotating magnetic field (RMF) of 7.5 Hz and 0.4 T. Differently from the other types of dynamic magnetic fields, the direction of the magnetic field in RMF is constantly changing. This specific type of exposure, which hardly occurs in a normal environment, has been used in various studies to explore therapeutic use of magnetic fields (Chen et al 2016 ; Zhan et al 2020 ).…”

Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects

“…Besides, the low-frequency rotating magnetic fields (LFRMF) of moderate intensity have been shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, mammary carcinoma and lung cancer in mice [ 188 ]. Exposure to RMF can ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by promoting the accumulation of CD4 + cells into peripheral lymphoid tissues, thereby improving the imbalance between Treg and Th1/Th17 cells [ 189 ]. Previous studies have found that the rotating non-uniform RMF exposure with 0.4 T exposure effectively promoted bone calcium content in thigh bones of ovariectomy rats and increased bone-specific alkaline phosphatase while decreased deoxypyridinoline cross-linking, confirming that strong MF exposure was effective in increasing bone mineral density and can be used to treat osteoporosis [ 190 ].…”

Induction of Foxp3 and activation of Tregs by HSP gp96 for treatment of autoimmune diseases

“…Tregs maintain immunological self-tolerance and prevent a variety of autoimmune diseases, including SLE and rheumatic diseases, which are characterized by chronic immune activation, elevated autoantibodies by dysregulated B cell responses, and the development of pathogenic T cell populations infiltrating the target organ ( Dominguez-Villar and Hafler, 2018 ). Tregs prevent autoimmunity by inhibiting aberrant activation and proliferation of immune effector cells, including CD8 + T cells, B cells, Th17 cells, and Th1 cells ( Nadafi et al., 2020 ; Zhan et al., 2020 ). In animal models, autoimmune responses can be controlled by reestablishing T-cell balance to favor Tregs.…”